Title 7

(a) General rule: Perfection by filing. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and Section 7-9A-312(b), a financing statement must be filed to perfect all security interests and agricultural liens. (b) Exceptions: Filing not necessary. The filing of a financing statement …

(a) Security interest subject to other law. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (d), the filing of a financing statement is not necessary or effective to perfect a security interest in property subject to: (1) a statute, regulation, or treaty of the United States whose req…

(a) Perfection by filing permitted. A security interest in chattel paper, controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, instruments, investment property, or negotiable documents may be perfected by filing. (b) Control or possession of c…

(a) Perfection by possession or delivery. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a secured party may perfect a security interest in goods, instruments, negotiable tangible documents, or money by taking possession of the collateral. A secured party may perfect a security …

(a) Perfection by control. A security interest in controllable accounts, controllable electronic records, controllable payment intangibles, deposit accounts, electronic documents, investment property, or letter-of-credit rights may be perfected by control of the collateral under …

(a) Perfection by possession and control. A secured party may perfect a security interest in chattel paper by taking possession of each authoritative tangible copy of the record evidencing the chattel paper and obtaining control of each authoritative electronic copy of the electr…

(a) Disposition of collateral: Continuation of security interest or agricultural lien; proceeds. Except as otherwise provided in this article and in Section 7-2-403(2): (1) a security interest or agricultural lien continues in collateral notwithstanding sale, lease, license, exch…

(a) General rule: Effect on perfection of change in governing law. A security interest perfected pursuant to the law of the jurisdiction designated in Section 7-9A-301(1), 7-9A-305(c), 7-9A-306A(d), or 7-9A-306B(b) remains perfected until the earliest of: (1) the time perfection …

(a) Conflicting security interests and rights of lien creditors. A security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to the rights of: (1) a person entitled to priority under Section 7-9A-322; and (2) except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a person that becomes a lie…

(a) Seller retains no interest. A debtor that has sold an account, chattel paper, payment intangible, or promissory note does not retain a legal or equitable interest in the collateral sold. (b) Deemed rights of debtor if buyer’s security interest unperfected. For purposes of det…

(a) Consignee has consignor’s rights. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), for purposes of determining the rights of creditors of, and purchasers for value of goods from, a consignee, while the goods are in the possession of the consignee, the consignee is deemed to ha…

(a) Buyer in ordinary course of business. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (e), a buyer in ordinary course of business, other than a person buying farm products from a person engaged in farming operations, takes free of a security interest created by the buyer’s seller,…

(a) “Licensee in ordinary course of business.” In this section, “licensee in ordinary course of business” means a person that becomes a licensee of a general intangible in good faith, without knowledge that the license violates the rights of another person in the general intangib…

(a) General priority rules. Except as otherwise provided in this section, priority among conflicting security interests and agricultural liens in the same collateral is determined according to the following rules: (1) Conflicting perfected security interests and agricultural lien…

(a) When priority based on time of advance. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), for purposes of determining the priority of a perfected security interest under Section 7-9A-322(a)(1), perfection of the security interest dates from the time an advance is made to the ex…

(a) General rule: Purchase-money priority. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (g), a perfected purchase-money security interest in goods other than inventory or livestock has priority over a conflicting security interest in the same goods, and, except as otherwise provide…

(a) Subordination of security interest in transferred collateral. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a security interest created by a debtor is subordinate to a security interest in the same collateral created by another person if: (1) the debtor acquired the collate…

(a) Subordination of security interest created by new debtor. Subject to subsection (b), a security interest that is created by a new debtor in collateral in which the new debtor has or acquires rights and is perfected solely by a filed financing statement that would be ineffecti…

A security interest in a controllable account, controllable electronic record, or controllable payment intangible held by a secured party having control of the account, electronic record, or payment intangible has priority over a conflicting security interest held by a secured pa…

The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same deposit account: (1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of the deposit account under Section 7-9A-104 has priority over a conflicting security interest held by a secured p…

The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same investment property: (1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of investment property under Section 7-9A-106 has priority over a security interest held by a secured party tha…

The following rules govern priority among conflicting security interests in the same letter-of-credit right: (1) A security interest held by a secured party having control of the letter-of-credit right under Section 7-9A-107 has priority to the extent of its control over a confli…

(a) Purchaser’s priority: Security interest claimed merely as proceeds. A purchaser of chattel paper has priority over a security interest in the chattel paper which is claimed merely as proceeds of inventory subject to a security interest if: (1) in good faith and in the ordinar…

(a) Rights under Articles 3, 7, 8, and 12 not limited. This article does not limit the rights of a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument, a holder to which a negotiable document of title has been duly negotiated, a protected purchaser of a security, or a qualifying purc…

(a) Transferee of money. A transferee of money takes the money free of a security interest if the transferee receives possession of the money without acting in collusion with the debtor in violating the rights of the secured party. (b) Transferee of funds from deposit account. A …

(a) “Possessory lien.” In this section, “possessory lien” means an interest, other than a security interest or an agricultural lien: (1) which secures payment or performance of an obligation for services or materials furnished with respect to goods by a person in the ordinary cou…

(a) Security interest in fixtures under this article. A security interest under this article may be created in goods that are fixtures or may continue in goods that become fixtures. A security interest does not exist under this article in ordinary building materials incorporated …

(a) Creation of security interest in accession. A security interest may be created in an accession and continues in collateral that becomes an accession. (b) Perfection of security interest. If a security interest is perfected when the collateral becomes an accession, the securit…

(a) “Commingled goods.” In this section, “commingled goods” means goods that are physically united with other goods in such a manner that their identity is lost in a product or mass. (b) No security interest in commingled goods as such. A security interest does not exist in commi…

If, while a security interest in goods is perfected by any method under the law of another jurisdiction, this State issues a certificate of title that does not show that the goods are subject to the security interest or contain a statement that they may be subject to security int…

If a security interest or agricultural lien is perfected by a filed financing statement providing information described in Section 7-9A-516(b)(5) which is incorrect at the time the financing statement is filed: (1) the security interest or agricultural lien is subordinate to a co…

This article does not preclude subordination by agreement by a person entitled to priority. (Act 2001-481, p. 647, §1.)

(a) Exercise of recoupment or set-off. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (c), a bank with which a deposit account is maintained may exercise any right of recoupment or set-off against a secured party that holds a security interest in the deposit account. (b) Recoupment o…

Except as otherwise provided in Section 7-9A-340(c), and unless the bank otherwise agrees in a signed record, a bank’s rights and duties with respect to a deposit account maintained with the bank are not terminated, suspended, or modified by: (1) the creation, attachment, or perf…

This article does not require a bank to enter into an agreement of the kind described in Section 7-9A-104(a)(2), even if its customer so requests or directs. A bank that has entered into such an agreement is not required to confirm the existence of the agreement to another person…

(a) Other law governs alienability; exceptions. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) and Sections 7-9A-406, 7-9A-407, 7-9A-408, and 7-9A-409, whether a debtor’s rights in collateral may be voluntarily or involuntarily transferred is governed by law other than this artic…

The existence of a security interest, agricultural lien, or authority given to a debtor to dispose of or use collateral, without more, does not subject a secured party to liability in contract or tort for the debtor’s acts or omissions. (Act 2001-481, p. 647, §1.)

(a) “Value.” In this section, “value” has the meaning provided in Section 7-3-303(a). (b) Agreement not to assert claim or defense. Except as otherwise provided in this section, an agreement between an account debtor and an assignor not to assert against an assignee any claim or …

(a) Assignee’s rights subject to terms, claims, and defenses; exceptions. Unless an account debtor has made an enforceable agreement not to assert defenses or claims, and subject to subsections (b) through (e), the rights of an assignee are subject to: (1) all terms of the agreem…

(a) Effect of modification on assignee. A modification of or substitution for an assigned contract is effective against an assignee if made in good faith and in accordance with reasonable commercial standards. The assignee acquires corresponding rights under the modified or subst…

(a) Discharge of account debtor; effect of notification. Subject to subsections (b) through (i) and subsection (l), an account debtor on an account, chattel paper, or a payment intangible may discharge its obligation by paying the assignor until, but not after, the account debtor…

(a) Term restricting assignment generally ineffective. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a term in a lease agreement is ineffective to the extent that it: (1) prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of a party to the lease to the assignment or transfer of, or …

(a) Term restricting assignment generally ineffective. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), a term in a promissory note or in an agreement between an account debtor and a debtor which relates to a health-care-insurance receivable or a general intangible, including a co…

(a) Term or law restricting assignment generally ineffective. A term in a letter of credit or a rule of law, statute, regulation, custom, or practice applicable to the letter of credit which prohibits, restricts, or requires the consent of an applicant, issuer, or nominated perso…

(a) Filing offices. Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b), if the local law of this State governs perfection of a security interest or agricultural lien, the office in which to file a financing statement to perfect the security interest or agricultural lien is: (1) the o…

(a) Sufficiency of financing statement. Subject to subsection (b), a financing statement is sufficient only if it: (1) provides the name of the debtor; (2) provides the name of the secured party or a representative of the secured party; and (3) indicates the collateral covered by…