Title COM, California Com. Code

(a) A customer or collecting bank that transfers an item and receives a settlement or other consideration warrants to the transferee and to any subsequent collecting bank that all of the following are applicable: (1) The warrantor is a person entitled to enforce the item. (2) All…

(a) If an unaccepted draft is presented to the drawee for payment or acceptance and the drawee pays or accepts the draft, (i) the person obtaining payment or acceptance, at the time of presentment, and (ii) a previous transferor of the draft, at the time of transfer, warrant to t…

(a) A person who encodes information on or with respect to an item after issue warrants to any subsequent collecting bank and to the payor bank or other payor that the information is correctly encoded. If the customer of a depositary bank encodes, that bank also makes the warrant…

(a) A collecting bank has a security interest in an item and any accompanying documents or the proceeds of either: (1) In case of an item deposited in an account to the extent to which credit given for the item has been withdrawn or applied. (2) In case of an item for which it ha…

For purposes of determining its status as a holder in due course, a bank has given value to the extent it has a security interest in an item, if the bank otherwise complies with the requirements of Section 3302 on what constitutes a holder in due course. (Added by renumbering Sec…

(a) Unless otherwise instructed, a collecting bank may present an item not payable by, through, or at a bank by sending to the party to accept or pay a written notice that the bank holds the item for acceptance or payment. The notice shall be sent in time to be received on or bef…

(a) With respect to settlement by a bank, the medium and time of settlement may be prescribed by Federal Reserve regulations or circulars, clearing house rules, and the like, or agreement. In the absence of that prescription, the following are applicable: (1) The medium of settle…

(a) If a collecting bank has made provisional settlement with its customer for an item and fails by reason of dishonor, suspension of payments by a bank, or otherwise to receive settlement for the item which is or becomes final, the bank may revoke the settlement given by it, cha…

(a) An item is finally paid by a payor bank when the bank has first done any of the following: (1) Paid the item in cash. (2) Settled for the item without having a right to revoke the settlement under statute, clearing house rule, or agreement. (3) Made a provisional settlement f…

(a) If an item is in or comes into the possession of a payor or collecting bank that suspends payment and the item has not been finally paid, the item shall be returned by the receiver, trustee, or agent in charge of the closed bank to the presenting bank or the closed bank’s cus…

(a) A warehouse receipt may be issued by any warehouse. (b) If goods, including distilled spirits and agricultural commodities, are stored under a statute requiring a bond against withdrawal or a license for the issuance of receipts in the nature of warehouse receipts, a receipt …

(a) A warehouse receipt need not be in any particular form. (b) Unless a warehouse receipt provides for each of the following, the warehouse is liable for damages caused to a person injured by its omission: (1) a statement of the location of the warehouse facility where the goods…

A party to or purchaser for value in good faith of a document of title, other than a bill of lading, that relies upon the description of the goods in the document may recover from the issuer damages caused by the nonreceipt or misdescription of the goods, except to the extent tha…

(a) A warehouse is liable for damages for loss of or injury to the goods caused by its failure to exercise care with regard to the goods that a reasonably careful person would exercise under similar circumstances. Unless otherwise agreed, the warehouse is not liable for damages t…

A buyer in ordinary course of business of fungible goods sold and delivered by a warehouse that is also in the business of buying and selling such goods takes the goods free of any claim under a warehouse receipt even if the receipt is negotiable and has been duly negotiated. (Re…

(a) A warehouse, by giving notice to the person on whose account the goods are held and any other person known to claim an interest in the goods, may require payment of any charges and removal of the goods from the warehouse at the termination of the period of storage fixed by th…

(a) Unless the warehouse receipt provides otherwise, a warehouse shall keep separate the goods covered by each receipt so as to permit at all times identification and delivery of those goods. However, different lots of fungible goods may be commingled. (b) If different lots of fu…

If a blank in a negotiable tangible warehouse receipt has been filled in without authority, a good-faith purchaser for value and without notice of the lack of authority may treat the insertion as authorized. Any other unauthorized alteration leaves any tangible or electronic ware…

(a) A warehouse has a lien against the bailor on the goods covered by a warehouse receipt or storage agreement or on the proceeds thereof in its possession for charges for storage or transportation, including demurrage and terminal charges, insurance, labor, or other charges, pre…

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a warehouse’s lien may be enforced by public or private sale of the goods, in bulk or in packages, at any time or place and on any terms that are commercially reasonable, after notifying all persons known to claim an interest i…

(a) With respect to an obligation on or a defense to a security, an “issuer” includes a person that does any of the following: (1) Places or authorizes the placing of its name on a security certificate, other than as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like,…

(a) Even against a purchaser for value and without notice, the terms of a certificated security include terms stated on the certificate and terms made part of the security by reference on the certificate to another instrument, indenture, or document or to a constitution, statute,…

After an act or event, other than a call that has been revoked, creating a right to immediate performance of the principal obligation represented by a certificated security or setting a date on or after which the security is to be presented or surrendered for redemption or exchan…

A restriction on transfer of a security imposed by the issuer, even if otherwise lawful, is ineffective against a person without knowledge of the restriction unless either of the following applies: (1) The security is certificated and the restriction is noted conspicuously on the…

An unauthorized signature placed on a security certificate before or in the course of issue is ineffective, but the signature is effective in favor of a purchaser for value of the certificated security if the purchaser is without notice of the lack of authority and the signing ha…

(a) If a security certificate contains the signatures necessary to its issue or transfer but is incomplete in any other respect, the following apply: (1) Any person may complete it by filling in the blanks as authorized. (2) Even if the blanks are incorrectly filled in, the secur…

(a) Before due presentment for registration of transfer of a certificated security in registered form or of an instruction requesting registration of transfer of an uncertificated security, the issuer or indenture trustee may treat the registered owner as the person exclusively e…

(a) A person signing a security certificate as authenticating trustee, registrar, transfer agent, or the like, warrants all of the following to a purchaser for value of the certificated security, if the purchaser is without notice of a particular defect: (1) The certificate is ge…

A lien in favor of an issuer upon a certificated security is valid against a purchaser only if the right of the issuer to the lien is noted conspicuously on the security certificate. (Added by Stats. 1996, Ch. 497, Sec. 9. Effective January 1, 1997.)

(a) In this section, “overissue” means the issue of securities in excess of the amount the issuer has corporate power to issue, but an overissue does not occur if appropriate action has cured the overissue. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (c) and (d), the provisi…

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this code, a security agreement is effective according to its terms between the parties, against purchasers of the collateral, and against creditors. (b) A transaction subject to this division is subject to any applicable rule of law which esta…

Except as otherwise provided with respect to consignments or sales of accounts, chattel paper, payment intangibles, or promissory notes, the provisions of this article with regard to rights and obligations apply whether title to collateral is in the secured party or the debtor. (…

(a) A security interest attaches to collateral when it becomes enforceable against the debtor with respect to the collateral, unless an agreement expressly postpones the time of attachment. (b) Except as otherwise provided in subdivisions (c) to (i), inclusive, a security interes…

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (b), a security agreement may create or provide for a security interest in after-acquired collateral. (b) Subject to subdivision (c), a security interest does not attach under a term constituting an after-acquired property clause to…

(a) A security interest is not invalid or fraudulent against creditors solely because either of the following applies: (1) The debtor has the right or ability to do any of the following: (A) Use, commingle, or dispose of all or part of the collateral, including returned or reposs…

(a) A security interest in favor of a securities intermediary attaches to a person’s security entitlement if both of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) The person buys a financial asset through the securities intermediary in a transaction in which the person is obligated…

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (d), a secured party shall use reasonable care in the custody and preservation of collateral in the secured party’s possession. In the case of chattel paper or an instrument, reasonable care includes taking necessary steps to preser…

(a) This section applies to cases in which there is no outstanding secured obligation and the secured party is not committed to make advances, incur obligations, or otherwise give value. (b) Within 10 days after receiving a signed demand by the debtor, all of the following apply:…

(a) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (c), this section applies if both of the following conditions are satisfied: (1) There is no outstanding secured obligation. (2) The secured party is not committed to make advances, incur obligations, or otherwise give value. (b) Wi…

(a) In this section: (1) “Request” means a record of a type described in paragraph (2), (3), or (4). (2) “Request for an accounting” means a record signed by a debtor requesting that the recipient provide an accounting of the unpaid obligations secured by collateral and reasonabl…

Except as otherwise provided in this division, a lease contract is effective and enforceable according to its terms between the parties, against purchasers of the goods, and against creditors of the parties. (Amended by Stats. 1991, Ch. 111, Sec. 24. Effective July 15, 1991.)

Except as otherwise provided in this division, each provision of this division applies whether the lessor or a third party has title to the goods, and whether the lessor, the lessee, or a third party has possession of the goods, notwithstanding any statute or rule of law that pos…

(a) As used in the section, “creation of a security interest” includes the sale of a lease contract that is subject to Division 9 (commencing with Section 9101), Secured Transactions, by reason of paragraph (3) of subdivision (a) of Section 9109. (b) Except as provided in subdivi…

(a) Subject to Section 10303, a subsequent lessee from a lessor of goods under an existing lease contract obtains, to the extent of the leasehold interest transferred, the leasehold interest in the goods that the lessor had or had power to transfer, and, except as provided in sub…

(a) Subject to the provisions of Section 10303, a buyer or sublessee from the lessee of goods under an existing lease contract obtains, to the extent of the interest transferred, the leasehold interest in the goods that the lessee had or had power to transfer, and, except as prov…

If a person in the ordinary course of his or her business furnishes services or materials with respect to goods subject to a lease contract, a lien upon those goods in the possession of that person given by statute or rule of law for those materials or services takes priority ove…