Agricultural and livestock products shall be exempt from the levy and collection of property tax.
Source: L. 89: Entire article R&RE, p. 1477, � 1, effective April 23.
Editor's note: This section is similar to former � 39-3-101 (1)(m) as it existed prior to 1989.
39-3-122. Agricultural equipment used in production of agricultural products - CEA facilities - exemption - definition. (1) Agricultural equipment that is used on any farm or ranch in the production of agricultural products is exempt from the levy and collection of property tax.
(2) On and after January 1, 2023, agricultural equipment that is used in any CEA facility or greenhouse is exempt from the levy and collection of property tax.
(3) On and after January 1, 2024, but before January 2, 2029, personal property is exempted from the levy and collection of property tax if the property is machinery or equipment that is part of a solar energy generating system that is used for agrivoltaics, and if the property:
(a) Incorporates novel designs, technologies, or configurations that significantly expand the potential for agricultural activities, including by:
(I) Elevating the bottom edge height of the panels at least six feet above the ground;
(II) Utilizing translucent panels or panels with tubular or other innovative panel geometry that supports agrivoltaics;
(III) Incorporating alternative solar tracking algorithms that are tailored to optimize vegetative growth;
(IV) Incorporating extended row or panel spacing in a manner that enables agricultural activities;
(V) Incorporating modified wire management systems that support livestock, including raising, lowering, or burying wiring;
(VI) Incorporating innovative photovoltaic racking structures, including tensioned wire racking systems, suspension-based systems, or other dynamic photovoltaic racking systems or arrangements;
(VII) Incorporating agricultural infrastructure that is typically found on a farm or ranch operation, such as agricultural fences, water sources and distribution, water troughs and tanks, corrals, livestock pens, or produce handling equipment; or
(VIII) Incorporating agricultural structures that are typically found on an agricultural operation, such as a tractor shed, a barn, or structures for equipment storage, produce washing, storage, processing, or chilling and packaging;
(b) Is constructed in a manner that minimizes soil compaction underneath and in between panels; and
(c) Is constructed to incorporate design strategies that are planned with the intent to minimize the negative environmental impact of photovoltaic energy production facilities on ecosystems, native vegetation, state and federally listed species, wildlife migration corridors, and the species, habitats, and ecosystems of greatest conservation need.
(4) As used in this section, agrivoltaics has the meaning set forth in section 35-1-114 (4)(a).
Source: L. 89: Entire article R&RE, p. 1477, � 1, effective April 23. L. 2022: Entire section amended, (HB 22-1301), ch. 198, p. 1322, � 2, effective August 10. L. 2023: (2) amended, (SB 23-204), ch. 182, p. 890, � 1, effective August 7; (3) and (4) added, (SB 23-092), ch. 218, p. 1131, � 5, effective August 7. L. 2024, 2nd Ex. Sess.: (2) amended, (HB 24B-1003), ch. 2, p. 25, � 2, effective November 28.
Editor's note: This section is similar to former � 39-3-101 (1)(n) as it existed prior to 1989.
39-3-123. Works of art, literary materials, and artifacts - on loan - exemption - limitations - definitions. (1) Works of art, literary materials, and artifacts shall be exempt from the levy and collection of property tax if such works of art, literary materials, and artifacts are loaned to and are in the custody and control of:
(a) The state or a political subdivision thereof; or
(b) A library or any art gallery or museum which is owned or operated by a charitable organization whose property is irrevocably dedicated to charitable purposes and whose assets shall not inure to the benefit of any private person upon the liquidation, dissolution, or abandonment by the owner, and which uses such works of art, literary materials, and artifacts for charitable purposes. This exemption shall apply only for the period of time during which such works of art, literary materials, and artifacts are actually on loan and shall be in addition to such exemptions provided for in sections 39-3-108 to 39-3-113.5.
(2) Any exemption claimed pursuant to the provisions of subsection (1) of this section shall comply with the provisions of section 39-5-113.5.
(3) For purposes of subsection (1) of this section:
(a) Artifacts means items of personal property which are objects of human workmanship and which have archaeological or historical significance.
(b) Charitable organization means a charitable organization as defined in section 39-26-102 (2.5).
(c) Charitable purposes means public display, research, educational study, maintenance of property, and preparation for display.
(d) Literary materials means items of personal property including, but not limited to, books, letters, diaries, records, documents, memoranda, journals, magazines, and notes.
(e) Works of art means works of art as defined in section 39-1-102 (18).
Source: L. 89: Entire article R&RE, p. 1477, � 1, effective April 23. L. 2013: (1)(b) amended, (HB 13-1300), ch. 316, p. 1704, � 121, effective August 7.
Editor's note: This section is similar to former � 39-3-101 (1)(o) as it existed prior to 1989.
39-3-124. Property used by state entity - installment sales or lease agreement - financed purchase of an asset, certificate of participation, or leveraged lease agreement - exemption - definitions. (1) (a) Property, real and personal, that is used by the state or any of its political subdivisions pursuant to the provisions of any installment sales agreement, financed purchase of an asset agreement, certificate of participation agreement, or any other agreement whereby the state or such political subdivision shall be entitled to acquire title to such property at the end of the agreement term without cost or for only nominal consideration shall be exempt from the levy and collection of property tax.
(b) (I) (A) Subject to subsection (1)(b)(I)(B) of this section and except as provided in subsection (1)(b)(I)(G) of this section, on and after January 1, 2009, the part of real property that is used by the state, a political subdivision, or a state-supported institution of higher education pursuant to the provisions of any lease or rental agreement for at least a one-year term, with or without an option to purchase, and pursuant to which the subject real property is used for purposes of the state, political subdivision, or institution of higher education, as applicable, shall be exempt from the levy and collection of property tax. If the state or any political subdivision or state-supported institution of higher education enters into a lease or rental agreement or is already in a lease or rental agreement on or after January 1, 2009, and is exempt from the levy and collection of property tax pursuant to this section, the state, political subdivision, or state-supported institution of higher education, as applicable, shall file a copy of the lease or rental agreement with the county assessor's office. The state or a political subdivision or institution of higher education shall notify the county assessor's office in the event that the lease or rental agreement is terminated prior to the term stated in such lease or rental agreement. Nothing in this subsection (1)(b) affects property tax exemptions allowed pursuant to section 8-82-104, 22-32-127, 29-4-227, 30-11-104.2, 31-15-802, or 43-1-214.
(B) The state, a political subdivision, or a state-supported institution of higher education shall reduce, deduct, or offset property taxes from rent due under any lease or rental agreement pursuant to sub-subparagraph (A) of this subparagraph (I). Upon receipt of a lease or rental agreement for the state, a political subdivision, or a state-supported institution of higher education, the county assessor shall send a notice to the landlord acknowledging receipt of the lease or rental agreement. The notice shall identify the property, the property address, and the parties to the lease or rental agreement.
(C) To the extent that real property taxes are shared and payable by one or more tenants under the lease of property that are not the state, a political subdivision, or a state-supported institution of higher education, real property taxes otherwise due but for the application of this paragraph (b) shall be deemed taxes paid by the property owner or the landlord of a property leased in part to the state, a political subdivision, or a state-supported institution of higher education.
(D) Only a tenant that is the state, a political subdivision, or a state-supported institution of higher education shall receive any benefit related to the tenant's property tax-exempt status pursuant to this paragraph (b).
(E) It is the general assembly's intent that the application of this paragraph (b) be cost-neutral in that the tax reduction and the rent reduction pursuant to this paragraph (b) are equal.
(F) In addition to the requirements listed in subsection (1)(b)(I)(A) of this section, a metropolitan district that is a party to a lease or rental agreement that was effective as of January 1, 2025, or later and was filed with the county assessor's office in support of a claim for a property tax exemption in accordance with subsection (1)(b)(I)(A) of this section shall also file with the county assessor's office a statement describing: The metropolitan district's use of the leased property; the metropolitan district's authority to use the leased property for the metropolitan district's purposes; any use of the leased property by a private person for private purposes; and any disclosure filed by a member of the board of directors of the metropolitan district in accordance with section 24-18-109 (3)(b), 24-18-110, 32-1-902, or 18-8-308.
(G) If the statement described in subsection (1)(b)(I)(F) of this section includes a disclosure that relates to the leased property and is filed by a member of the board of directors of the metropolitan district in accordance with section 24-18-109 (3)(b), 24-18-110, 32-1-902, or 18-8-308, the county assessor shall, within fourteen days of receipt of the statement, submit the statement to the governing body that approved the metropolitan district's service plan and to the metropolitan district. Within sixty-three days of receipt of the statement, the governing body shall issue a written decision including findings of fact and a conclusion as to whether the leased property is used for a public purpose as required by subsection (1)(b)(I)(A) of this section. If the governing body concludes that the leased property is not used for a public purpose as required by subsection (1)(b)(I)(A) of this section, the leased property is not exempt from taxation in accordance with subsection (1)(b)(I)(A) of this section, and the county assessor shall implement the governing body's decision. A decision of a governing body made pursuant to this section is not subject to appeal and does not give rise to any private right of action.
(II) As used in this subsection (1)(b), unless the context otherwise requires:
(A) Governing body means the board of county commissioners or other entity that approved the metropolitan district's service plan, or its designees.
(B) Leased property means a part of real property that is used by the state, a political subdivision, or a state-supported institution of higher education pursuant to the provisions of any lease or rental agreement for at least a one-year term, with or without an option to purchase.
(C) Metropolitan district means a metropolitan district created pursuant to article 1 of title 32.
(D) State-supported institution of higher education includes, but need not be limited to, all postsecondary institutions in the state supported in whole or in part by state funds, including community colleges, extension programs of the state-supported universities and colleges, local district colleges, area technical colleges, and the institutions governed by the regents of the university of Colorado.
(2) A leasehold interest in real or personal property that is owned by the state or by a political subdivision of the state and that has been leased to a private person, the use and possession of which has been leased back to the state or a political subdivision of the state, shall be exempt from the levy and collection of property tax during the term of the use and possession of the property by the state or a political subdivision of the state. Property that is the subject of a leveraged leasing agreement executed by the state or by a political subdivision of the state shall be treated as tax-exempt property owned by the state for purposes of any state or local tax.
(3) The lease of property by a political subdivision of the state to a private person and the sublease of the property back to the political subdivision of the state pursuant to a leveraged leasing agreement shall not cause the private person to whom the property has been leased to incur any liability in tort by virtue of the private person's status as a lessor under the leveraged leasing agreement.
(4) A leasehold interest in real or personal property that is owned by a private person and that has been leased to the state or a political subdivision of the state, the use and possession of which has been leased back to a private person for private purposes, is taxable to the owner.
Source: L. 89: Entire article R&RE, p. 1477, � 1, effective April 23. L. 2003: Entire section amended, p. 1720, � 3, effective May 14. L. 2008: (1) amended, p. 1631, � 1, effective August 5. L. 2009: (1)(b)(I) amended, (HB 09-1365), ch. 320, p. 1710, � 1, effective June 1. L. 2016: (1)(b)(II) amended, (HB 16-1082), ch. 58, p. 153, � 43, effective August 10. L. 2021: (1)(a) amended, (HB 21-1316), ch. 325, p. 2062, � 77, effective July 1. L. 2025: (1)(b)(I)(A) and (1)(b)(II) amended and (1)(b)(I)(F), (1)(b)(I)(G), and (4) added, (HB 25-1289), ch. 404, p. 2304, � 1, effective August 6.
Editor's note: This section is similar to former � 39-3-101 (1)(p) as it existed prior to 1989.
39-3-125. Church property - used as residence - exemption - limitation. (Repealed)
Source: L. 89: Entire article R&RE, p. 1478, � 1, effective April 23; entire section repealed, p. 1492, � 9, effective June 7.
Editor's note: Before its repeal, this section was similar to former � 39-3-102 as it existed prior to 1989.