Title 2 — Government Administration.
32 chapters · 1,171 sections in this title.
D.C. Code § 2-1401.01 Intent of Council
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It is the intent of the Council of the District of Columbia, in enacting this chapter, to secure an end in the District of Columbia to discrimination for any reason other than that of individual merit, including, but not limited to, discrimination by reason of race, color, religi…
D.C. Code § 2-1401.02 Definitions
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The following words and terms when used in this chapter have the following meanings: (a)(1) “Administrative Procedure Act” means the “District of Columbia Administrative Procedure Act,” (§ 2-501 et seq.). (2) “Age” means 18 years of age or older. (3) “Chairman” means the duly app…
D.C. Code § 2-1401.03 Exceptions
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(a) Any practice which has a discriminatory effect and which would otherwise be prohibited by this chapter shall not be deemed unlawful if it can be established that such practice is not intentionally devised or operated to contravene the prohibitions of this chapter and can be j…
D.C. Code § 2-1401.04 Severability of provisions
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If any provision, or part thereof of this chapter or application thereof to any person or circumstances is held invalid, the remainder of the chapter and the application of the provision, or part thereof, to other persons not similarly situated or to other circumstances is not to…
D.C. Code § 2-1401.05 Discrimination based on pregnancy, childbirth, related medical conditions, or breastfeeding
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(a) For the purposes of interpreting this chapter, discrimination on the basis of sex shall include, but not be limited to, discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, related medical conditions, breastfeeding, or reproductive health decisions. This section shall not be…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.01 General
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Every individual shall have an equal opportunity to participate fully in the economic, cultural and intellectual life of the District and to have an equal opportunity to participate in all aspects of life, including, but not limited to, in employment, in places of public accommod…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.11 Prohibitions
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It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice to do any of the following acts, wholly or partially for a discriminatory reason based upon the actual or perceived: race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender i…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.12 Exception
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(a) It shall not be an unlawful discriminatory practice for an employer to observe the conditions of a bona fide seniority system or a bona fide employee benefit system such as retirement, pension or insurance plan which is not a subterfuge to evade the purposes of this chapter, …
D.C. Code § 2-1402.13 Reports and records
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Every employer, employment agency, and labor organization, subject both to this chapter and to title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended, is to furnish to the Office, all reports that may be required by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission established under the…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.21 Prohibitions
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It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice to do any of the following acts, wholly or partially for a discriminatory reason based on the actual or perceived: race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender ide…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.22 Blockbusting and steering
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It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for any person, whether or not acting for monetary gain, directly or indirectly to engage in the practices of “blockbusting” and “steering”, including, but not limited to, the commission of any 1 or more of the following acts: (1) T…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.23 Acts of discrimination by broker or salesperson
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Any real estate broker or real estate salesperson who commits any act of discrimination prohibited under the provisions of this chapter, if such act or the property involved is within the District of Columbia, or if such act occurs outside of the District of Columbia, in a place …
D.C. Code § 2-1402.24 Exceptions
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(a) Nothing in this chapter is to be construed to apply to the rental or leasing of housing accommodations in a building in which the owner, or members of his family occupy one of the living units and in which there are, or the owner intends that there be, accommodations for not …
D.C. Code § 2-1402.31 Prohibitions
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It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice to do any of the following acts, wholly or partially for a discriminatory reason based on the actual or perceived: race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, marital status, personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender ide…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.41 Prohibitions
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It is an unlawful discriminatory practice, subject to the exemptions in § 2-1401.03(b), for an educational institution: (1) To deny, restrict, or to abridge or condition the use of, or access to, any of its facilities, services, programs, or benefits of any program or activity to…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.42 Exceptions regarding sex discrimination and age
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(a) Nothing in this chapter regarding sex discrimination in admission policy shall apply to any private undergraduate college or to any private preschool, elementary or secondary school; except that, when any of the above exempted colleges offers a course nowhere else available i…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.51 Posting of notice
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Every person subject to this chapter shall post and keep posted in a conspicuous location where business or activity is customarily conducted or negotiated, a notice whose language and form has been prepared by the Office, setting forth excerpts from or summaries of, the pertinen…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.52 Records and reports
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(a) Every person subject to this chapter shall preserve any regularly kept business records for a period of 6 months from the date of the making of the record, or from the date of the action which is the subject of the record, whichever is longer; such records shall include, but …
D.C. Code § 2-1402.53 Affirmative action plans
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(a) It shall not be an unlawful discriminatory practice for any person to carry out an affirmative action plan that has been approved by the Office. An affirmative action plan is any plan devised to effectuate remedial or corrective action in response to past discriminatory pract…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.61 Coercion or retaliation
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(a) It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice to coerce, threaten, retaliate against, or interfere with any person in the exercise or enjoyment of, or on account of having exercised or enjoyed, or on account of having aided or encouraged any other person in the exercise or …
D.C. Code § 2-1402.62 Aiding or abetting
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It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for any person to aid, abet, invite, compel, or coerce the doing of any of the acts forbidden under the provisions of this chapter or to attempt to do so.
D.C. Code § 2-1402.63 Conciliation agreements
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It shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for a party to a conciliation agreement, made under the provisions of this chapter, to violate the terms of such agreement.
D.C. Code § 2-1402.64 Resisting the Office or Commission
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(a) Any person who shall willfully resist, prevent, impede or interfere with the Office or the Commission, or any of their representatives, in the performance of any duty under the provisions of this chapter, or shall willfully violate an order of the Commission, shall upon convi…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.65 Falsifying documents and testimony
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It shall be unlawful to willfully falsify documents, records, or reports, which are required or subpoenaed pursuant to this chapter, or willfully to falsify testimony, or to intimidate any witness or complainant; such violations shall be punishable by imprisonment for not more th…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.66 Arrest records
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(a)(1)(A) An individual may request production of his or her arrest record for the purposes of determining eligibility for sealing or expunging that record pursuant to Chapter 8 of Title 16 [§ 16-801 et seq.], or similar sealing statutes in the District or in another jurisdiction…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.67 District of Columbia
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All permits, licenses, franchises, benefits, exemptions, or advantages issued by or on behalf of the government of the District of Columbia, shall specifically require and be conditioned upon full compliance with the provisions of this chapter; and shall further specify that the …
D.C. Code § 2-1402.68 Effects clause
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Any practice which has the effect or consequence of violating any of the provisions of this chapter shall be deemed to be an unlawful discriminatory practice.
D.C. Code § 2-1402.71 Prohibitions
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It is unlawful discriminatory practice for an insurer authorized to sell motor vehicle insurance in the District of Columbia to do any of the following acts, wholly or partially for a discriminatory reason based on actual or perceived: race, color, religion, national origin, sex,…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.72 Motor vehicle rental companies
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Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, it shall not be an unlawful practice for a motor vehicle rental company to fail or refuse to rent a motor vehicle, or to impose differential terms and conditions upon the rental of a motor vehicle, based on the age of any perso…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.73 Application to the District government
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Except as otherwise provided for by District law or when otherwise lawfully and reasonably permitted, it shall be an unlawful discriminatory practice for a District government agency or office to limit or refuse to provide any facility, service, program, or benefit to any individ…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.81 Findings and purposes
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(a) The Council finds that: (1) The encouragement of a public acceptance of breastfeeding is consistent with the promotion of family values between a mother and her child and no mother should be made to feel incriminated or socially ostracized for breastfeeding her child. (2) Bre…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.82 Rights of breastfeeding mothers
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(a) For the purposes of this section, the term: (1) “Reasonable efforts” means any effort that would not impose an undue hardship on the operation of an employer’s business. (2) “Undue hardship” means any action that requires significant difficulty or expense when considered in r…
D.C. Code § 2-1402.83 Duties of the Department of Health
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The Department of Health shall monitor breastfeeding rates in the District of Columbia, the number and nature of complaints regarding violations of this part received by the Office of Human Rights, and any benefits reported by working breastfeeding mothers and employers to the De…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.01 Powers of Office and Commission; annual report by Mayor
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(a) The activities of the Office and the Commission, under the provisions of this chapter, shall be considered investigations or examinations of municipal matters, within the meaning of § 5-1021; and the Commission, the individual members thereof, and the Director, shall possess …
D.C. Code § 2-1403.02 Complaints; independent action by other District agencies
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Nothing in the provisions of this chapter is deemed to relieve any agency or authority of the government of the District of its obligation to take immediate and independent action regarding a matter filed with it, in accord with its jurisdiction, that also may be the subject of a…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.03 Establishment of procedure for complaints filed against District government
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(a) The Mayor shall establish rules of procedure for the investigation, conciliation, and hearing of administrative complaints filed against District government agencies, officials and employees alleging violations of this chapter. The final administrative determination in such m…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.04 Filing of complaints and mediation
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(a) Any person or organization, whether or not an aggrieved party, may file with the Office a complaint of a violation of the provisions of this chapter, including a complaint of general discrimination, unrelated to a specific person or instance. The complaint shall state the nam…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.05 Investigation
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(a) With the exception of complaints alleging unlawful discrimination in residential real estate transactions brought pursuant to this chapter or the FHA, the Office shall serve, within 15 days of said filing, a copy thereof upon the respondent, and upon all persons it deems to b…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.06 Conciliation
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(a) If, in the judgment of the Office, the circumstances so warrant, it may, at any time after the filing of the complaint, endeavor to eliminate such unlawful discriminatory practice by conference, conciliation, or persuasion. (b) If the Office determines that there exists proba…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.07 Injunctive relief
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If, at any time after a complaint has been filed, the Office believes that appropriate civil action to preserve the status quo or to prevent irreparable harm appears advisable, the Office shall certify the matter to the Corporation Counsel, who shall bring, in the name of the Dis…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.08 Posting of notice of complaint in housing accommodation
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If a finding of probable cause has been made, as to a complaint of discrimination in housing, and the property owner, or his duly authorized agent, will not agree voluntarily to withhold from the market the subject housing accommodations for a period of 10 days from the date of s…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.09 Service of process
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In all cases where the Office is required to effect service, it shall be accomplished by regular, registered, or certified mail, return receipt requested, by electronic mail, or by personal service and shall otherwise be in accordance with rules of the Office regarding service an…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.10 Notice of hearing
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In case of failure of conciliation efforts, or in advance of conciliation efforts, as determined by the Office, and after a finding of probable cause, the Office shall cause to be issued and served in the name of the Commission, a written notice, together with a copy of the compl…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.11 Hearing tribunal
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(a) After a complaint has been noticed for hearing, a hearing tribunal consisting of 3 members of the Commission, sitting as the Commission, shall be appointed to make a determination upon such complaint. At the discretion of the Commission, 1 or more hearing examiners may be del…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.12 Conduct of hearing
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(a) The hearing shall be conducted in accordance with procedures promulgated pursuant to the Administrative Procedure Act (§ 2-501 et seq.). (b) The case in support of the complaint shall be presented by an agent or attorney of the Office. (c) Any Commissioner or hearing examiner…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.13 Decision and order
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(a)(1) If, at the conclusion of the hearing, the Commission determines that a respondent has engaged in an unlawful discriminatory practice or has otherwise violated the provisions of this chapter, the Commission shall issue, and cause to be served upon such respondent, a decisio…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.14 Judicial review
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Any person suffering a legal wrong, or adversely affected or aggrieved by an order or decision of the Commission in a matter pursuant to the provisions of this chapter, is entitled to a judicial review thereof, in accordance with § 2-510, upon filing, in the District of Columbia …
D.C. Code § 2-1403.15 Enforcement of order
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(a) The decision and order of the Commission shall be served on the respondent, with notice that, if the Commission determines that the respondent has not, after 30 calendar days following service of its order, corrected the unlawful discriminatory practice and complied with the …
D.C. Code § 2-1403.16 Private cause of action
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(a) Any person claiming to be aggrieved by an unlawful discriminatory practice shall have a cause of action in any court of competent jurisdiction for damages and such other remedies as may be appropriate, unless such person has filed a complaint hereunder; provided, that where t…
D.C. Code § 2-1403.17 Referral to licensing agencies
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(a) Whenever it appears that the holder of a permit, license, franchise, benefit, or advantage issued by any agency or authority of the government of the District is a person against whom the Office has made a finding of probable cause pursuant to § 2-1403.05, the Office, notwith…