Title 21, Fiduciary Relations and Persons with Mental Illness. [Enacted title]

For the purposes of this chapter, the term: (1) “Best interests” means promoting personal well-being by assessing: (A) The reason for the proposed action, its risks and benefits, and any alternatives considered and rejected; and (B) The least intrusive, least restrictive, and mos…

Except as otherwise provided in this chapter, this chapter applies to: (1) Affairs and estates of a disappeared individual who is domiciled in the District and an individual to be protected who is domiciled in the District; (2) Property located in the District of a non-domiciliar…

Unless specifically provided to the contrary in this chapter or inconsistent with its provisions, the rules of the court, including the rules concerning vacation of orders and appellate review, govern proceedings under this chapter.

Appellate review, including the right to appellate review, interlocutory appeal, provisions as to time, manner, notice, appeal bond, stays, scope of review, record on appeal, briefs, arguments, and power of the appellate court, is governed by the rules applicable to the appeals t…

(a) If notice of a hearing on any petition is required, other than a notice meeting specific notice requirements otherwise provided, the petitioner shall cause notice of the time and place of hearing of any petition to be given to the person to be notified or to the attorney, if …

A person, including a guardian, guardian ad litem, conservator, or other fiduciary, may waive notice by a signed writing. An individual for whom a guardianship or other protective order is sought, a ward, or a protected individual may not waive notice.

(a) At any point in a proceeding, a court may appoint a guardian ad litem to prosecute or defend the best interests of individuals in any legal proceeding if the court determines that representation of the interest otherwise would be inadequate. If not precluded by a conflict of …

Upon payment of any required fee, an interested person who desires to be notified before any order is made in any proceeding under this chapter may file a request for notice with the clerk of the court in which the proceeding is pending. The clerk shall mail a copy of the request…

(a) An incapacitated individual or any person interested in the welfare of the incapacitated individual may petition for appointment of a guardian, either limited, temporary, or general. (b) The petition shall state the name, address, and interest of the petitioner, state the nam…

(a) In a proceeding for the appointment of a guardian of an incapacitated individual, notice of a hearing shall be given to each of the following: (1) The individual alleged to be incapacitated and his or her spouse or, if none, adult children, or, if none, parents; (2) Any perso…

(a) Any qualified person may be appointed guardian of an incapacitated individual. (a-1)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, a person will be deemed by the court to have a conflict of interest and may not be appointed as a guardian if the person: (A) Provid…

(a) The court shall exercise the authority conferred in this subchapter so as to encourage the development of maximum self-reliance and independence of the incapacitated individual. The court, on appropriate findings, may appoint a limited guardian, a temporary guardian, or a gen…

By accepting appointment, a guardian submits personally to the jurisdiction of the court in any proceeding relating to the guardianship that may be instituted by any interested person. Notice of any proceeding shall be delivered or mailed to the guardian at the address listed in …

(a)(1) Within the 3-year period after the appointment of a guardian and within every 3- year period thereafter in which a guardian remains appointed, the court shall appoint a case reviewer, who shall be a social worker licensed in the District of Columbia, to investigate the con…

(a) Temporary guardians are guardians appointed for a finite period of time. Temporary guardians include emergency guardians, health-care guardians, and provisional guardians. All provisions of this chapter apply to temporary guardians unless otherwise specified. (b)(1) The court…

Except as limited pursuant to section 21-2044 , a general guardian or a limited guardian of an incapacitated individual is responsible for care, custody, and control of the ward, but is not personally liable to third persons by reason of that responsibility for acts of the ward. …

A guardian shall not have the power: (1) To consent to an abortion, sterilization, psycho-surgery, or removal of a bodily organ except to preserve the life or prevent the immediate serious impairment of the physical health of the incapacitated individual, unless the power to cons…

(a) Except as limited by sections 21-2046 and 21-2047.01, an emergency guardian or health-care guardian is responsible for providing substituted consent for an incapacitated individual and for any other duties authorized by the court, but is not personally liable to third persons…

The authority and responsibility of a guardian of an incapacitated individual terminates upon the death of the guardian or ward, the determination of incapacity of the guardian, or the removal or resignation of the guardian as provided in section 21-2049 . The termination does no…

(a)(1) On petition of the guardian, the court, after a hearing, may accept a resignation of a guardian. (2) The court may remove a temporary guardian at any time. (3) On petition of the ward or any interested person, or on the court’s own motion, the court, after a hearing, may r…

(a) Upon petition and after notice and hearing in accordance with the provisions of this subchapter, the court may appoint a conservator or make any other protective order for cause as provided in this section. (b) Appointment of a conservator or other protective order may be mad…

(a) The individual to be protected or any person who is interested in the estate, affairs, or welfare of the individual may petition for the appointment of a conservator or for any other appropriate protective order. (b) The petition must set forth, to the extent known: (1) The n…

(a) On a petition for appointment of a conservator or other protective order, the requirements for notice described in section 21-2042 apply, but if the individual to be protected has disappeared, has been detained by a foreign power, or is being held hostage by someone other tha…

(a) Upon receipt of a petition for appointment of a conservator or other protective order, the court shall set a date for a hearing. Unless the individual to be protected has chosen counsel, the court shall appoint an attorney to represent the individual. Except where the incapac…

(a) The court shall exercise the authority conferred in this subchapter to encourage the development of maximum self-reliance and independence of a protected individual and make protective orders only to the extent necessitated by the protected individual’s mental and adaptive li…

(a) If it is established in a proper proceeding that a basis exists as described in section 21-2051 for affecting the property and business affairs of an individual, the court, without appointing a conservator, may authorize, direct, or ratify any transaction necessary or desirab…

(a) The court may appoint a person or a corporation with general power to serve as trustee or conservator of the estate of a protected individual. The following are entitled to consideration for appointment in the order listed: (1) A conservator, guardian of property, or other li…

The court may require a conservator to furnish a bond conditioned upon faithful discharge of all duties of the trust according to law, with sureties as it shall specify. Unless otherwise directed, the bond must be in the amount of the aggregate capital value of the property of th…

By accepting appointment, a conservator submits personally to the jurisdiction of the court in any proceeding relating to the estate that may be instituted by any interested person. Notice of any proceeding shall be delivered to the conservator or mailed, by registered or certifi…

(a) As approved by order of the court, any case reviewer, visitor, attorney, examiner, conservator, special conservator, guardian ad litem, or guardian is entitled to compensation for services rendered either in a guardianship proceeding, protective proceeding, or in connection w…

The court may remove a conservator for good cause, upon notice and hearing, or accept the resignation of a conservator. Upon the conservator’s death, resignation, or removal, the court may appoint another conservator. A conservator so appointed succeeds to the title and powers of…

(a) Any person interested in the welfare of an individual for whom a conservator has been appointed may petition the court for an order: (1) Requiring bond, additional bond, or reducing bond; (2) Requiring a special accounting for the administration of the trust; (3) Directing di…

A conservator, in relation to powers conferred by this subchapter, or implicit in the title acquired by virtue of the proceeding, shall act as a fiduciary and observe the standards of care applicable to trustees.

Within 60 days after appointment, each conservator shall prepare and file with the court a complete inventory of the estate subject to the conservatorship together with an oath or affirmation that the inventory is believed to be complete and accurate as far as information permits…

(a) Each conservator shall account to the court for administration of the trust upon resignation or removal, at least annually on the anniversary date of appointment, and at other times as the court may direct. On termination of the protected individual’s incapacity, a conservato…

(a) The appointment of a conservator vests in the conservator title as trustee to all property of the protected individual presently held or after acquired, or to the part of the property specified in the order, including title to any property held for the protected individual by…

(a) Letters of conservatorship are evidence of the transfer of all assets, or the part of assets specified in the letters, of a protected individual to the conservator. An order terminating a conservatorship is evidence of the transfer of all assets subjected to the conservatorsh…

Any sale or encumbrance to a conservator, the spouse, domestic partner, agent, attorney of a conservator, or any corporation, trust, or other organization in which the conservator has a substantial beneficial interest, or any other transaction involving the estate being administe…

(a) A person who in good faith either assists or deals with a conservator for value in any transaction other than those requiring a court order as provided in section 21-2055(c) is protected as if the conservator properly exercised the power. The fact that a person knowingly deal…

(a) Subject to limitation provided in section 21-2072, a conservator has all of the powers conferred in this section and any additional powers conferred by the law of the District. (b) Without court authorization or confirmation, a conservator may invest and reinvest funds of the…

A conservator may expend or distribute income or principal of the estate without court authorization or confirmation for the support, education, care, or benefit of the protected individual and dependents in accordance with the following principles: (1) The conservator shall cons…

Subject to the restrictions in section 21-2055(c) , the court may confer on a conservator, at the time of appointment or later, in addition to the powers conferred by sections 21-2070 and 21-2071 , any power that the court itself could exercise under section 21-2055(b)(2) . The c…

In investing the estate, selecting assets of the estate for distribution under section 21-2071 , and utilizing powers of revocation or withdrawal available for the support of the protected individual and exercisable by the conservator or the court, the conservator and the court s…

(a) Even if otherwise provided for in the contract, a conservator is not personally liable on a contract properly entered into in a fiduciary capacity in the course of administration or distribution of the estate unless the conservator fails to reveal the representative capacity …

The protected individual, conservator, or any other interested person may petition the court to terminate the conservatorship. A protected individual seeking termination is entitled to the same rights and procedures as in an original proceeding for a protective order. The court, …

(a) Any person indebted to a protected individual or having possession of property or of an instrument evidencing a debt, stock, or chose in action belonging to a protected individual may pay or deliver it to a conservator, guardian of the estate, or other fiduciary appointed by …