Title 42, Real Property.

(a) In any real estate transaction in which any person is entrusted, receives, and accepts, or otherwise holds or deposits monies or other trust instruments, of whatever kind or nature, pending consummation or termination of the transaction involved, whether or not the person is …

A written listing contract is required in the District for the sale of all real property. A licensee shall not receive payment of a commission in the absence of a written listing agreement.

(a) There is established a Real Estate Guaranty and Education Fund (“Fund”). (b)(1) Except as provided in § 42-1707(k), on or after March 10, 1983, every real estate broker, real estate salesperson and property manager licensed under this subchapter shall, as a condition for rene…

(a) Any person who: (1) obtains a final judgment, including a settlement reduced to a final judgment, in any court of competent jurisdiction in the District against any other person on the grounds of fraud, misrepresentation, deceit, embezzlement, false pretenses, forgery, failur…

(a) Any person who knowingly files with the Mayor any application, notice, or other document required to be filed under this subchapter or any rule issued thereunder, which is false or fraudulent or contains any material misstatement of fact, shall, upon conviction, be punished b…

(a) The repeal of any provision of §§ 42-1721 to 42-1738 [repealed], or any rule issued pursuant to this subchapter, shall not affect any act done, or any right accruing or accrued on any liability arising, or any suit or proceeding had or commenced in any civil cause under §§ 42…

(a) This chapter shall apply to all condominiums created in the District of Columbia; provided, that except as otherwise expressly set forth in this chapter, any provision of this chapter that became effective after the creation of a condominium, horizontal property regime, or co…

For the purposes of this chapter: (1) "Child development facility" shall have the same meaning as provided in § 7-2031(3). (1A) “Common elements” shall mean all portions of the condominium other than the units. (2) “Common expenses” shall mean all lawful expenditures made or incu…

Each condominium unit shall constitute for all purposes a separate parcel of real estate, distinct from all other condominium units. Any condominium unit may be owned by more than 1 person as joint tenants, as tenants in common, as tenants by the entirety (in the case of spouses …

(a) If there is any unit owner other than the declarant, a tax or assessment shall not be levied on the condominium as a whole or against any common elements, but only on the individual condominium units. A condominium unit shall be carried on the records of the District of Colum…

No zoning or other land use ordinance or regulation shall prohibit condominiums as such by reason of the form of ownership inherent therein. Neither shall any condominium be treated differently by any zoning or other land use ordinance or regulation which would permit a physicall…

(a) If any portion of the common elements is taken by eminent domain, the award therefor shall be allocated to the unit owners in proportion to their respective undivided interests in the common elements, except that the portion of the award attributable to the taking of any perm…

(a)(1) No condominium instrument that is entered into, amended, or recorded after November 11, 2023, may prohibit the operation of a child development facility licensed pursuant to subchapter II of Chapter 20 of Title 7. (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section,…

Except as expressly provided by this chapter, a provision of this chapter may not be varied by agreement and any right conferred by this chapter may not be waived. A declarant may not act under a power of attorney or use any other device to evade a limitation or prohibition of th…

In the application or construction of the provisions of this chapter, the courts of the District of Columbia shall give due regard to judicial decisions and rulings in states that have enacted the Uniform Condominium Act or any other condominium statute that contains provisions s…

No condominium shall come into existence except by the recordation of condominium instruments pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. No condominium instruments shall be recorded unless all units located or to be located on any portion of the submitted land, other than within…

(a) At the time of the conveyance to the first purchaser of each condominium unit following the recordation of the declaration, every mortgage, deed of trust, any other perfected lien, or any mechanics’ or materialmen’s liens, affecting all of the condominium or a greater portion…

After the creation of the condominium, no description of a condominium unit shall be deemed vague, uncertain, or otherwise insufficient or infirm which sets forth the identifying number of that unit, the name of the condominium and the instrument number and date of recordation of…

The declaration and bylaws, and any amendments of either made pursuant to § 42-1902.19, shall be executed by or on behalf of all of the owners and lessees of the submitted land. But the phrase “owners and lessees” in the preceding sentence and in § 42-1902.19 does not include, in…

All amendments and certifications of the condominium instruments shall set forth the instrument number and date of recordation of the declaration and, when necessary, shall set forth the condominium book and page number where the plats and plans are recorded. All condominium inst…

Except to the extent otherwise provided by the condominium instruments: (1) The terms defined in § 42-1901.02 shall be deemed to have the meanings therein specified wherever they appear in the condominium instruments unless the context otherwise requires; (2) To the extent that w…

The condominium instruments shall be construed together and shall be deemed to incorporate one another to the extent that any requirement of this chapter as to the content of one shall be deemed satisfied if the deficiency can be cured by reference to any of the others. If any co…

(a) All provisions of the condominium instruments shall be deemed severable, and any unlawful provision thereof shall be void. (b) No provision of the condominium instruments shall be deemed void by reason of the rule against perpetuities. (c) No restraint on alienation shall dis…

(a) Any lack of compliance with this chapter or with any lawful provision of the condominium instruments shall be grounds for an action or suit to recover damages or injunctive relief, or for any other available remedy maintainable by the unit owners’ association, the unit owners…

(a) The declaration for every condominium shall contain: (1) The name of the condominium, which name shall include the word “condominium” or be followed by the words “a condominium”; (2) A legally sufficient description of the land submitted to this chapter; (3) A description or …

(a) The declaration may allocate to each unit depicted on plats and plans that comply with subsections (a) and (b) of § 42-1902.14 an undivided interest in the common elements proportionate to either the size or par value of each unit. (b) Otherwise, the declaration shall allocat…

(a) If a condominium contains any convertible land or is an expandable condominium, then the declaration shall not allocate undivided interests in the common elements on the basis of par value unless the declaration: (1) Prohibits the creation of any units not substantially ident…

(a) All assignments and reassignments of limited common elements shall be reflected by the condominium instruments. No limited common element shall be assigned or reassigned except in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. No amendment to any condominium instrument shall…

(a) There shall be recorded promptly upon recordation of the declaration, 1 or more plats of survey showing the location and dimensions of the submitted land, the location and dimensions of any convertible lands within the submitted land, the location and dimensions of any existi…

Plans previously recorded pursuant to the provisos set forth in subsections (b) and (c) of § 42-1902.10 may be used in lieu of new plans to satisfy in whole or in part the requirements of §§ 42-1902.12(b), 42-1902.17(b) and 42-1902.19 if certifications thereof are recorded by the…

(a) To the extent that any unit or common element encroaches on any other unit or common element, whether by reason of any deviation from the plats and plans in the construction, repair, renovation, restoration, or replacement of any improvement, or by reason of the settling or s…

(a) The declarant may convert all or any portion of any convertible land into 1 or more units or common elements, or both, subject to any restrictions and limitations which the condominium instruments may specify. Any such conversion shall be deemed to have occurred at the time o…

(a) The declarant may convert all or any portion of any convertible space into 1 or more units or common elements, or both, including without limitation, limited common elements, subject to any restrictions and limitations which the condominium instruments may specify. Any such c…

No condominium shall be expanded except in accordance with the provisions of the declaration and of this chapter. Any such expansion shall be deemed to have occurred at the time of the recordation of plats and plans pursuant to § 42-1902.14(c) and the recordation of an amendment …

(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, a condominium shall be allowed to contract at the time of the recordation of an amendment to the declaration, containing a legally sufficient description of the property withdrawn from the condominium; provided, that: (1) …

Subject to any restrictions and limitations the condominium instruments may specify, the declarant shall have a transferable easement over and on the common elements for the purpose of making improvements on the submitted land and any additional land pursuant to the provisions of…

The declarant and the declarant’s authorized agents, representatives, and employees may maintain sales offices, management offices, and model units on the submitted land if and only if the condominium instruments provide for the same and specify the rights of the declarant with r…

(a) No covenants, restrictions, limitations, or other representations or commitments in the condominium instruments with regard to anything that is or is not to be done on the additional land, the withdrawable land, or any portion of either, shall be binding as to any portion of …

(a) Except to the extent prohibited by the condominium instruments, and subject to any restrictions and limitations specified therein, any unit owner may make any improvements or alterations within his unit that do not impair the structural integrity of any structure or otherwise…

(a) Unless expressly prohibited in the condominium instruments, the boundaries between adjoining units may be relocated in accordance with: (1) The provisions of this section and other applicable law; and (2) Any lawful restrictions and limitations specified in the condominium in…

(a) Unless expressly prohibited by the condominium instruments, a unit may be subdivided in accordance with: (1) The provisions of this section and other applicable law; and (2) Any lawful restrictions and limitations specified in the condominium instruments. (b) If the unit owne…

(a) If there is no unit owner other than the declarant, the declarant may unilaterally amend the condominium instruments, and the amendment shall become effective upon recordation if the amendment has been executed by the declarant. This section shall not be construed to nullify,…

(a) If there is no unit owner other than the declarant, the declarant may unilaterally terminate the condominium. A termination shall become effective upon recordation if the termination has been executed by the declarant and recorded in the Office of the Surveyor. This section s…

(a) The declarant of a leasehold condominium shall record with the condominium instruments any lease pursuant to which the condominium is a leasehold condominium (“condominium lease”); provided, however, it shall be sufficient for the declarant to record a statement of the book, …

(a) A special declarant right created or reserved under this chapter may not be transferred except by an instrument that evidences the transfer recorded in the same manner as the condominium instruments. The instrument shall not be effective unless executed by the transferee. (b)…

(a) There shall be recorded simultaneously with the declaration a set of bylaws providing for the self-government of the condominium by an association of all the unit owners. The unit owners’ association may be incorporated. (b) The bylaws shall provide whether or not the unit ow…