Patient’s care and treatment rights

(a) Each patient in a facility and each person receiving services for alcoholism, drug dependency, or drug abuse shall receive care and treatment that is suited to his needs and is the least restrictive appropriate care and treatment. Such care and treatment shall be administered skillfully, safely, and humanely with full respect for the patient’s dignity and personal integrity. (b) Each patient shall have the right to participate in his care and treatment. The board shall issue regulations to ensure that each patient participates in his care and treatment to the maximum extent possible. Unless the disclosure to the patient is determined by the chief medical officer or the patient’s treating physician or psychologist to be detrimental to the physical or mental health of the patient and unless a notation to that effect is made a part of the patient’s record, the patient shall have the right to reasonable access to review his medical file, to be told his diagnosis, to be consulted on the treatment recommendation, and to be fully informed concerning his medication, including its side effects and available treatment alternatives. (c) It is the duty of the chief medical officer to ensure that each patient receives such medical attention as is suitable to his condition and that no treatment shall be given which is not recognized as standard psychiatric treatment, except upon the written consent of the 320 37-7-162 HOSPITALIZATION, ETC., OF ALCOHOLICS, ETC. 37-7-163 patient or, if applicable, his guardian having capacity to give such consent. If such consent is given by someone other than the patient or such guardian, court approval must be obtained after a full and fair hearing. (d) If a patient hospitalized under this chapter is able to secure the services of a private physician or psychologist, he shall be allowed to see his physician or psychologist at any reasonable time. The chief medical officer is authorized and directed to establish regulations designed to facilitate examination and treatment which a patient may request from such private physician or psychologist. (e) Every patient admitted to a facility under this chapter shall be examined by the staff of the admitting facility as soon as possible after his admission. History. — Code 1933, § 88-402.4, enacted by Ga. L. 1978, p. 1856, § 1; Ga. L. 1991, p. 1059, § 39; Ga. L. 1992, p. 1902, § 27. 37-7-163. Recognition of patients’ physical integrity; patients’ right to refuse medication; obtaining consent to treatment and surgery; performance of emergency surgery; immunity of physician; direction of notice of actions taken under Code section. (a) It shall be the policy of this state to recognize the personal physical integrity of all patients. (b) It shall be the policy of this state to protect, within reason, the right of every individual to refuse medication except in cases where a physician determines that refusal would be unsafe to the patient or others. If the patient continues to refuse medication after such initial emergency treatment, a concurring opinion from a second physician must be obtained before medication can be continued without the patient’s consent. Further, in connection with any hearing under this chapter, the patient has the right to appear and testify as free from any side effects or adverse effects of the medication as is reasonably possible. (c) Any patient objecting to the treatment being administered to him shall have a right to request a protective order pursuant to Code Section 37-7-148. (d) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (e) of this Code section, consent to medical treatment and surgery shall be obtained and regulated by Chapter 9 of Title 31. (e) In cases of grave emergency where the medical staff of the facility in which an alcoholic, a drug dependent individual, or a drug abuser 321 37-7-163 has been accepted for treatment determines that immediate surgical or other intervention is necessary to prevent serious physical consequences or death and where delay in obtaining consent would create a grave danger to the physical health of such person, as determined by at least two physicians, then essential surgery or other intervention may be administered without the consent of the person, the spouse, next of kin, attorney, guardian, or any other person. In such cases, a record of the determination of the physicians shall be entered into the medical records of the patient and this will be proper consent for such surgery or other intervention. Such consent will be valid notwithstanding the type of admission of the patient and it shall also be valid whether or not the patient has been adjudged incompetent. This Code section is intended to apply to those individuals who, as a result of their advanced age, impaired thinking, or other disability, cannot reasonably understand the consequences of withholding consent to surgery or other intervention as contemplated by this Code section. Any physician, agent, employee, or official who obtains consent or relies on such consent, as authorized by this Code section, and who acts in good faith and within the provisions of this chapter shall be immune from civil or criminal liability for his actions in connection with the obtaining of or the relying upon such consent. Actual notice of any action taken pursuant to this Code section shall be given to the patient and the spouse, next of kin, attorney, guardian, or representative of the patient as soon as practicably possible. History. — Code 1933, § 88-406.8, enacted by Ga. L. 1977, p. 887, § 1; Code 1933, § 88-402.6, enacted by Ga. L. 1978, p. 1856, § 1; Ga. L. 1995, p. 1302, § 13.