PRIA Logo™
GeorgiaStatutes

Brown v

O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34 — under Appeal And Error.

O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34

City of Marietta, 214 Ga. App. 840, 449 S.E.2d 540 (1994). Entry of judgment question not appealable. — There is no authority for the trial court to grant an appellant the right to file an ‘‘extraordinary appeal’’ to determine whether or not judgment should be entered in a case. Robbins v. State, 193 Ga. App. 5, 387 S.E.2d 18 (1989). In appeal from verdict, mere mention in notice of a final judgment is insufficient. — When appeal was taken from verdict and ruling which was not an appealable judgment, mere mention in notice of appeal of judgment overruling motion for new trial does not constitute appeal from final judgment so as to satisfy requirements of this article. Davis v. Davis, 224 Ga. 740, 164 S.E.2d 816 (1968). Section allows review by appeal as a matter of right as to all final judg- 5-6-34 ments. Harwell v. State, 127 Ga. App. 204, 193 S.E.2d 257 (1972). What orders, decisions, or judgments are directly appealable. — To be subject to direct appeal, an order, decision, or judgment must be final such that the cause is no longer pending in the court below, or involving an issue specified as directly appealable under subsection (a) of this section. Stallings v. Chance, 239 Ga. 567, 238 S.E.2d 327 (1977). No direct appeal from interlocutory order in probate court. — Appeal from the probate court to a superior court is for the purpose of conducting a de novo investigation in the superior court, and not for the purpose of correcting errors of law committed in the probate court. Thus, there can be no direct appeal to the superior court from an interlocutory ruling in the probate court. Driver v. State, 198 Ga. App. 643, 402 S.E.2d 524, cert. denied, 198 Ga. App. 897, 402 S.E.2d 524 (1991). When an order appealed from was for a partial accounting, and thus not directly appealable, it was interlocutory; thus, as claims remained below, when the appealing parties failed to follow the interlocutory appeal procedures, dismissal was warranted. Geeslin v. Sheftall, 263 Ga. App. 827, 589 S.E.2d 601 (2003). Absent final ruling by trial court, there is nothing for appellate court to pass upon. Cole v. Frostgate Whses., Inc., 150 Ga. App. 320, 257 S.E.2d 309, rev’d on other grounds, 244 Ga. 782, 262 S.E.2d 99 (1979). When decision is not appealable under section. — Decision is not an appealable judgment when (1) case is still pending in court below; (2) record contains no certificate of trial judge certifying that decision appealed from is of such importance to case that immediate review should be had; and (3) decision is not one of those specifically described judgments from which appeal is permitted by subsection (a) of this section. Dowdy v. White, 119 Ga. App. 793, 168 S.E.2d 595 (1969). Appeals court rejected an employee’s claim that because the trial court had previously signed a certificate of immediate review of the trial court’s original order denying summary judgment on the employee’s claim for intentional infliction 519 Page: 520 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP General Consideration (Cont’d) 2. Construction in General (Cont’d) of emotional distress, the trial court lacked jurisdiction over the case at the time the trial court amended the order by granting summary judgment in favor of the former employer and the former manager; as the trial court’s order was not appealable, the trial court retained jurisdiction and thus was authorized to amend the court’s order. Wilcher v. Confederate Packaging, Inc., 287 Ga. App. 451, 651 S.E.2d 790 (2007). Appeals from superior courts in traffic cases. — All appeals from judgments of superior courts in traffic cases under O.C.G.A. § 40-13-28 must follow the procedures in O.C.G.A. § 5-6-35(a). Accordingly, 30 days after the date this decision is published in the official advance sheets any direct appeals in these cases filed under subsection (a) of O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34 will be dismissed. Brown v. City of Marietta, 214 Ga. App. 840, 449 S.E.2d 540 (1994). Any appeal from a superior court review under O.C.G.A. § 40-13-28 of any lower court, except the probate court, shall be under O.C.G.A. § 5-6-35(a); however, an appeal from the superior court review under § 40-13-28 of a traffic case from the probate court shall be by direct appeal under paragraph (a)(1) O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34. Power v. State, 231 Ga. App. 335, 499 S.E.2d 357 (1998). No direct appeal from recorder’s court to Supreme Court. — Direct appeal from the recorder’s court to the Supreme Court was not available in a case challenging the constitutionality of an ordinance. Instead, the proper method of review was by certiorari to the superior court. Russell v. City of E. Point, 261 Ga. 213, 403 S.E.2d 50 (1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 971, 112 S. Ct. 448, 116 L. Ed. 2d 466 (1991). Section inapplicable to cases arising under Administrative Procedure Act. — Interlocutory appeal procedure set forth in O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34 does not apply to cases arising under the Administrative Procedure Act because that Act does not authorize appellate court review of such cases unless the reviewing superior court Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:34 5-6-34 has rendered a ‘‘final judgment.’’ State Health Planning Review Bd. v. Piedmont Hosp., 173 Ga. App. 450, 326 S.E.2d 814 (1985). Discretion of trial judge. — Broad discretion is given a trial judge in determining whether interlocutory application is appropriate. Brown v. State, 177 Ga. App. 146, 338 S.E.2d 718 (1985). Criminal defendants cannot cross appeal suits brought by state. — Despite resultant justice and judicial economy, court will not allow criminal defendants to cross appeal suits brought before the court by the state pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 5-7-1; O.C.G.A. § 5-6-38 limits that right to civil parties and the court will not encroach upon the legislature’s prerogative by extending that right. State v. Crapse, 173 Ga. App. 100, 325 S.E.2d 620 (1984), overruled in part on other grounds, Hubbard v. State, 176 Ga. App. 622, 337 S.E.2d 60 (1985). What constitutes final judgment. — Even though an order does not specify that it is a grant of final judgment, it nevertheless constitutes a final judgment within the meaning of O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34 when the order leaves no issues remaining to be resolved, constitutes the court’s final ruling on the merits of the action, and leaves the parties with no further recourse in the trial court. Caswell v. Caswell, 157 Ga. App. 710, 278 S.E.2d 452 (1981); Vurgess v. State, 187 Ga. App. 700, 371 S.E.2d 191 (1988); Decubas v. Norfolk S. Corp., 193 Ga. App. 387, 388 S.E.2d 336 (1989), rev’d on other grounds, 260 Ga. 136, 390 S.E.2d 216 (1990); Spring-U Bonding Co. v. State, 200 Ga. App. 533, 408 S.E.2d 831 (1991). Finality for res judicata purposes is measured by the same standard as finality for appealability purposes. Gresham Park Community Org. v. Howell, 652 F.2d 1227 (5th Cir. 1981). Absent final judgment or certificate of immediate review, appeal is premature and must be dismissed. Marsh v. Allgood, 118 Ga. App. 773, 165 S.E.2d 479 (1968); Moore v. Georgia Power Co., 122 Ga. App. 54, 176 S.E.2d 236 (1970); Foskey v. Bank of Alapaha, 147 Ga. App. 541, 249 S.E.2d 346 (1978); Ward v. Charles D. Hardwick Co., 149 Ga. App. 546, 254 S.E.2d 872 (1979). 520 Page: 521 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 5-6-34 Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:34 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP CERTIORARI AND APPEALS TO APPELLATE COURTS When there is no certificate of review and the case does not fall within the class of exceptions found in section, the appeal must be dismissed. Thompson v. Consumer Credit of Valdosta, Inc., 123 Ga. App. 281, 180 S.E.2d 595 (1971). When a final judgment has not been entered nor a certificate of immediate review granted, either by the trial court or the appellate court, an appeal is premature and must be dismissed. Bowers v. Price, 168 Ga. App. 125, 308 S.E.2d 420 (1983). As to judgments that are not final, compliance with subsection (b) is a prerequisite to an appeal. Harwell v. State, 127 Ga. App. 204, 193 S.E.2d 257 (1972). Party seeking appellate review from an interlocutory order must follow the interlocutory-application subsection, subsection (b) of O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34, seek a certificate of immediate review from the trial court, and comply with the time limitations therein. Scruggs v. Georgia Dep’t of Human Resources, 261 Ga. 587, 408 S.E.2d 103 (1991); Collier v. Evans, 205 Ga. App. 764, 423 S.E.2d 704 (1992). Interlocutory rulings are not appealable absent following procedure outlined in subsection (b). Insurance Co. of N. Am. v. Fowler, 148 Ga. App. 509, 251 S.E.2d 594 (1978), overruled on other grounds, Seaboard Coast Line R.R. v. Mobil Chem. Co., 172 Ga. App. 543, 323 S.E.2d 849 (1984). Interlocutory appeal is cognizable only if trial judge issues certificate of immediate review and appellate court grants permission for direct appeal pursuant to application filed in accordance with subsection (b). Becker v. Bishop, 151 Ga. App. 224, 259 S.E.2d 209 (1979); Wolf v. Richmond County Hosp. Auth., 169 Ga. App. 68, 311 S.E.2d 507 (1983). Failure to comply with the interlocutory appeal procedure set forth in subsection (b), the appeal causes the appeal to be premature and it must be dismissed. English v. Tucker Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n, 175 Ga. App. 69, 332 S.E.2d 365 (1985). Effect of failure to appeal from interlocutory order. — Although the Court of Appeals has considered orders on motions to set aside condemnations on 5-6-34 direct appeal, when an appeal is taken from a final judgment, all judgments, rulings, or orders rendered in the case which are raised on appeal will be considered, whether or not the earlier ruling was appealable. Skipper v. DOT, 197 Ga. App. 634, 399 S.E.2d 538 (1990). Term ‘‘court below’’ is construed to be court whose judgment is sought to be appealed. J.T.M. v. State, 142 Ga. App. 635, 236 S.E.2d 764 (1977). Paragraph (a)(1) of former Code 1933, § 6-701 and subsection (b) were to be construed together so that determination of finality under latter satisfied the finality requirement of the former. Thompson v. Clarkson Power Flow, Inc., 149 Ga. App. 284, 254 S.E.2d 401, aff ’d, 244 Ga. 300, 260 S.E.2d 9 (1979). Interpretation of intended relationship among individual paragraphs and subsections of section. — See Springtime, Inc. v. Douglas County, 228 Ga. 753, 187 S.E.2d 874 (1972) (decided under former Code 1933, § 6-701 as it read prior to rearrangement of paragraphs and subsections to present form). This section’s definition of final judgment applies to § 15-11-64. — Ga. L. 1977, p. 1237, § 7 (see O.C.G.A. § 15-11-64) provided for appeals from final judgments of juvenile court judge, without defining final judgments, former Code 1933, § 6-701 (see O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34) for appeals when judgment was final — that was to say — when cause was no longer pending in court below. J.T.M. v. State, 142 Ga. App. 635, 236 S.E.2d 764 (1977). Former Code 1933, § 6-701 (see O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34) was determinative as to finality of judgments entered under former Code 1933, § 67-701 (see O.C.G.A. T. 44, Ch. 14, Art. 7, Part 4). Jordan v. Ford Motor Credit Co., 147 Ga. App. 515, 249 S.E.2d 327 (1978). Defendants could not challenge the ruling. — Defendants could not challenge the ruling from which the defendants now seek relief because the ruling was not entered until after the prior appeal was concluded. Turner Constr. Co. v. Electrical Distribs., Inc., 202 Ga. App. 726, 415 S.E.2d 325 (1992). When court grants motion to dismiss and denies another defendant’s 521 Page: 522 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP General Consideration (Cont’d) 2. Construction in General (Cont’d) motion to dismiss, filed on other grounds, and the plaintiff appeals, but the dismissal order contains no express determination that there is no just reason for delay, and there is no express direction for the entry of such judgment, the appeal is premature and must be dismissed, even when the trial court grants a certificate for immediate review. All Risk Ins. Agency, Inc. v. Rockbridge San. Co., 166 Ga. App. 728, 305 S.E.2d 390 (1983). Denial of judgment n.o.v. appealable, even when new trial granted. — Denial of a judgment notwithstanding the verdict can be considered on appeal even though a motion for a new trial has been granted, if an appeal is taken from a final judgment entered pursuant to O.C.G.A. § 9-11-54(b) (judgments upon multiple claims or multiple parties). GMAC v. Bowen Motors, Inc., 167 Ga. App. 463, 306 S.E.2d 675 (1983). Appeal from ‘‘motion to compel settlement’’ was dismissed since the appeal was actually intended to be taken from an interlocutory order rather than from the ‘‘final outcome’’ of the case, and no amendment had been filed to correct this defect. Martin v. Farrington, 179 Ga. App. 227, 346 S.E.2d 5 (1986). Filing of motion to set aside summary judgment is ineffective as extender of time for filing notice of appeal. Gulf Oil Co. v. Mantegna, 167 Ga. App. 844, 307 S.E.2d 732 (1983). Discretionary appeal. — Trial court’s order upholding the constitutionality of Georgia’s Child Support Guidelines was erroneously certified by the trial court since the order did not dispose of any claim. However, since the appellate court had granted a father’s application for discretionary appeal, the appellate court proceeded to a consideration of the merits of the constitutional issue. Keck v. Harris, 277 Ga. 667, 594 S.E.2d 367 (2004). Cited in Gibson v. Hodges, 221 Ga. 779, 147 S.E.2d 329 (1966); Birdwell v. Pippen, 113 Ga. App. 202, 147 S.E.2d 673 (1966); Seaton v. Redisco, Inc., 113 Ga. App. 256, 147 S.E.2d 828 (1966); Williams v. Shaffer, 222 Ga. 334, 149 S.E.2d 668 (1966); Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:34 5-6-34 Knopp v. Knopp, 222 Ga. 388, 149 S.E.2d 680 (1966); Dawn Mem. Park v. Southern Cem. Consultants of Ga., Inc., 113 Ga. App. 814, 149 S.E.2d 760 (1966); White Oak Acres, Inc. v. Campbell, 113 Ga. App. 833, 149 S.E.2d 870 (1966); Algernon Blair, Inc. v. National Sur. Corp., 222 Ga. 672, 151 S.E.2d 724 (1966); Undercofler v. Grantham Transf. Co., 222 Ga. 654, 151 S.E.2d 765 (1966); Hartsfield Co. No. 3, Inc. v. Williams, 114 Ga. App. 547, 151 S.E.2d 908 (1966); Kahn v. Graper, 114 Ga. App. 572, 152 S.E.2d 10 (1966); State Hwy. Dep’t v. Kirchmeyer, 114 Ga. App. 433, 152 S.E.2d 17 (1966); Richmond County Bus. Ass’n v. Richmond County, 222 Ga. 772, 152 S.E.2d 738 (1966); Undercofler v. Grantham Transf. Co., 114 Ga. App. 868, 152 S.E.2d 900 (1966); Wiggin v. Wiggin, 223 Ga. 63, 153 S.E.2d 306 (1967); Nunn v. National Life & Accident Ins. Co., 115 Ga. App. 131, 153 S.E.2d 730 (1967); Norbo Trading Corp. v. Wohlmuth, 223 Ga. 258, 154 S.E.2d 224 (1967); Dudley v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 115 Ga. App. 411, 154 S.E.2d 699 (1967); Garnto v. German, 115 Ga. App. 418, 154 S.E.2d 742 (1967); Griffith v. Morgan, 115 Ga. App. 518, 154 S.E.2d 822 (1967); Hulsey v. Smith, 223 Ga. 522, 156 S.E.2d 353 (1967); Nye v. Murcel Mfg. Co., 116 Ga. App. 44, 156 S.E.2d 383 (1967); Kirkman v. Miller, 116 Ga. App. 78, 156 S.E.2d 558 (1967); Hayes v. State, 116 Ga. App. 260, 157 S.E.2d 30 (1967); Rogers v. Johnson, 116 Ga. App. 295, 157 S.E.2d 48 (1967); State Hwy. Dep’t v. Thomason, 116 Ga. App. 330, 157 S.E.2d 503 (1967); Biddinger v. Fletcher, 116 Ga. App. 532, 157 S.E.2d 764 (1967); Graves v. State, 116 Ga. App. 494, 157 S.E.2d 801 (1967); Wilbanks v. State, 116 Ga. App. 698, 158 S.E.2d 274 (1967); Harrington v. Frye, 116 Ga. App. 755, 159 S.E.2d 84 (1967); Passmore v. Truman & Smith Inst., Inc., 116 Ga. App. 803, 159 S.E.2d 92 (1967); Peacock Constr. Co. v. Turner Concrete, Inc., 116 Ga. App. 822, 159 S.E.2d 114 (1967); Whitus v. Georgia, 385 U.S. 545, 87 S. Ct. 643, 17 L. Ed. 2d 599 (1967); Veal v. Paulk, 117 Ga. App. 109, 159 S.E.2d 304 (1968); Davis v. Holt, 224 Ga. 55, 159 S.E.2d 403 (1968); Titshaw v. Carnes, 224 Ga. 57, 159 S.E.2d 420 (1968); Watson v. Parke, Davis & Co., 117 Ga. App. 162, 159 522 Page: 523 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 5-6-34 Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:34 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP CERTIORARI AND APPEALS TO APPELLATE COURTS S.E.2d 446 (1968); Williams v. State, 117 Ga. App. 79, 159 S.E.2d 454 (1968); Wright v. Collins, 117 Ga. App. 105, 159 S.E.2d 468 (1968); Robert Chuckrow Constr. Co. v. Gough, 117 Ga. App. 140, 159 S.E.2d 469 (1968); First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n v. First Nat’l Bank, 224 Ga. 150, 160 S.E.2d 372 (1968); Lloyd Indus., Inc. v. O’Neal Steel, Inc., 117 Ga. App. 328, 160 S.E.2d 433 (1968); Zappa v. Ewing, 117 Ga. App. 362, 160 S.E.2d 640 (1968); Whitus v. State, 117 Ga. App. 359, 160 S.E.2d 839 (1968); Woods v. State, 117 Ga. App. 546, 160 S.E.2d 922 (1968); Housing Auth. v. Hindman, 224 Ga. 246, 161 S.E.2d 292 (1968); McLeod v. Westmoreland, 117 Ga. App. 659, 161 S.E.2d 335 (1968); Graham v. Haley, 224 Ga. 498, 162 S.E.2d 346 (1968); Howard v. Thomas, 224 Ga. 515, 162 S.E.2d 721 (1968); Vulcan Life & Accident Ins. Co. v. United Banking Co., 118 Ga. App. 36, 162 S.E.2d 798 (1968); Young v. Reese, 118 Ga. App. 114, 162 S.E.2d 831 (1968); Wells v. Johnson, 118 Ga. App. 168, 162 S.E.2d 837 (1968); George v. Lee, 118 Ga. App. 302, 163 S.E.2d 262 (1968); Califon Constr. Co. v. Highland Apts., 224 Ga. 610, 163 S.E.2d 744 (1968); Collins v. Southside Lumber Co., 118 Ga. App. 342, 163 S.E.2d 755 (1968); Rockmart Fin. Co. v. High, 118 Ga. App. 351, 163 S.E.2d 758 (1968); Berg v. Berg, 118 Ga. App. 353, 163 S.E.2d 888 (1968); Nugent v. Willis, 118 Ga. App. 335, 163 S.E.2d 891 (1968); Babb v. International Shoe Co., 118 Ga. App. 346, 163 S.E.2d 893 (1968); Lloyd Indus., Inc. v. O’Neal Steel, Inc., 118 Ga. App. 377, 163 S.E.2d 894 (1968); Greene v. Atlantis Realty Co., 118 Ga. App. 400, 163 S.E.2d 895 (1968); Goldberg v. Monroe, 224 Ga. 693, 164 S.E.2d 123 (1968); Lamas Co. v. Baldwin, 118 Ga. App. 437, 164 S.E.2d 236 (1968); State Hwy. Dep’t v. Rosenfeld, 118 Ga. App. 524, 164 S.E.2d 259 (1968); Clarke v. Robinson, 118 Ga. App. 525, 164 S.E.2d 260 (1968); Tenneco Oil Co. v. Mullis, 118 Ga. App. 540, 164 S.E.2d 312 (1968); Mize v. Rampey, 224 Ga. 806, 164 S.E.2d 816 (1968); Davis v. Dixon, 118 Ga. App. 587, 164 S.E.2d 875 (1968); Nevels v. Engram, 118 Ga. App. 644, 164 S.E.2d 916 (1968); Georgia Hwy. Express Co. v. Do-All Chem. Co., 118 Ga. App. 736, 165 S.E.2d 429 (1968); Terry v. Warner Robins Supply 5-6-34 Co., 225 Ga. 5, 165 S.E.2d 731 (1969); Harris v. State, 118 Ga. App. 848, 166 S.E.2d 94 (1969); Housing Auth. v. Baker, 119 Ga. App. 109, 166 S.E.2d 437 (1969); D.G. Mach. & Gage Co. v. Hardy, 119 Ga. App. 194, 166 S.E.2d 580 (1969); Dorsey v. Hood, 119 Ga. App. 237, 166 S.E.2d 635 (1969); Nalley v. Aiken, 119 Ga. App. 406, 167 S.E.2d 239 (1969); McKinnon v. Neugent, 225 Ga. 215, 167 S.E.2d 593 (1969); Brundage v. Wilkins, 119 Ga. App. 529, 167 S.E.2d 612 (1969); Lowery v. Adams, 225 Ga. 248, 167 S.E.2d 636 (1969); D. Davis & Co. v. Plunkett, 119 Ga. App. 453, 167 S.E.2d 663 (1969); Davis v. Roper, 119 Ga. App. 442, 167 S.E.2d 685 (1969); McKenzie v. McKenzie, 225 Ga. 314, 168 S.E.2d 152 (1969); Knight v. William Summerlin Co., 119 Ga. App. 575, 168 S.E.2d 179 (1969); Carden v. LaGrone, 225 Ga. 365, 169 S.E.2d 168 (1969); Hobgood v. Mitchell, 119 Ga. App. 827, 169 S.E.2d 173 (1969); Shepherd v. Shepherd, 225 Ga. 455, 169 S.E.2d 314 (1969); O’Neal Steel, Inc. v. Smith, 120 Ga. App. 106, 169 S.E.2d 827 (1969); Floyd v. Floyd, 120 Ga. App. 292, 170 S.E.2d 310 (1969); Eastland v. Candler, 225 Ga. 585, 170 S.E.2d 422 (1969); Peacock Constr. Co. v. Turner Concrete, Inc., 120 Ga. App. 357, 170 S.E.2d 440 (1969); State Hwy. Dep’t v. Rosenfeld, 120 Ga. App. 439, 170 S.E.2d 837 (1969); Glynn Plymouth, Inc. v. Davis, 120 Ga. App. 475, 170 S.E.2d 848 (1969); Hammock v. Hammock, 225 Ga. 698, 171 S.E.2d 314 (1969); Aikens v. State, 226 Ga. 34, 172 S.E.2d 430 (1970); Skylark Enters., Inc. v. Marsh & McLennan, Inc., 121 Ga. App. 235, 173 S.E.2d 421 (1970); Grimes v. Clark, 226 Ga. 195, 173 S.E.2d 686 (1970); Chrysler Motors Corp. v. Davis, 226 Ga. 221, 173 S.E.2d 691 (1970); Strayhorn v. Forsyth County Dep’t of Family & Children Servs., 121 Ga. App. 444, 174 S.E.2d 216 (1970); Campbell v. Carroll, 121 Ga. App. 497, 174 S.E.2d 375 (1970); Veal v. Paulk, 121 Ga. App. 575, 174 S.E.2d 465 (1970); Barber v. Dunn, 226 Ga. 303, 174 S.E.2d 898 (1970); Brooks v. Holman, 121 Ga. App. 720, 175 S.E.2d 131 (1970); Merchants & Mfrs. Transf. Co. v. Auto Rental & Leasing, Inc., 121 Ga. App. 729, 175 S.E.2d 156 (1970); Thomas v. State, 226 Ga. 529, 175 S.E.2d 874 (1970); Pilgreen’s Airport, Inc. v. Gold, 523 Page: 524 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP General Consideration (Cont’d) 2. Construction in General (Cont’d) 122 Ga. App. 194, 176 S.E.2d 480 (1970); Chastain v. Atlanta Gas Light Co., 122 Ga. App. 90, 176 S.E.2d 487 (1970); American Bank v. Gray, 122 Ga. App. 443, 177 S.E.2d 208 (1970); Adamson v. Adamson, 226 Ga. 719, 177 S.E.2d 241 (1970); Royal Peacock Social Club, Inc. v. City of Atlanta, 226 Ga. 817, 177 S.E.2d 664 (1970); Howard v. Smith, 226 Ga. 850, 178 S.E.2d 159 (1970); Residential Devs., Inc. v. Dodd, 122 Ga. App. 674, 178 S.E.2d 333 (1970); Fleming v. State, 122 Ga. App. 727, 178 S.E.2d 556 (1970); Grant v. Huff, 122 Ga. App. 783, 178 S.E.2d 734 (1970); Martin v. McCartney, 122 Ga. App. 785, 178 S.E.2d 747 (1970); Holmes v. Holmes, 227 Ga. 238, 179 S.E.2d 775 (1971); J.D. Jewell, Inc. v. State ex rel. Hancock, 227 Ga. 336, 180 S.E.2d 704 (1971); Barnett v. State, 123 Ga. App. 369, 180 S.E.2d 921 (1971); Edwards v. Wheaton, 227 Ga. 424, 181 S.E.2d 48 (1971); Norman v. Walker, 123 Ga. App. 413, 181 S.E.2d 310 (1971); Akins v. Tucker, 227 Ga. 503, 181 S.E.2d 366 (1971); Cook v. Peeples, 227 Ga. 473, 181 S.E.2d 375 (1971); Parrish v. Clements, 123 Ga. App. 495, 181 S.E.2d 510 (1971); Smith v. Clark, 123 Ga. App. 458, 181 S.E.2d 551 (1971); Lowe v. Lowe, 123 Ga. App. 525, 181 S.E.2d 715 (1971); Petty v. Petty, 227 Ga. 521, 181 S.E.2d 859 (1971); Bekins Van Lines Co. v. Barlow, 123 Ga. App. 601, 181 S.E.2d 908 (1971); Cunningham v. Cansler, 123 Ga. App. 614, 181 S.E.2d 922 (1971); Pichulik v. Simpson, 123 Ga. App. 604, 181 S.E.2d 925 (1971); Allen v. Reynolds & Co., 123 Ga. App. 604, 181 S.E.2d 927 (1971); Love v. Harris, 123 Ga. App. 776, 182 S.E.2d 490 (1971); Petty v. State, 124 Ga. App. 125, 183 S.E.2d 82 (1971); White v. Wright, 124 Ga. App. 151, 183 S.E.2d 90 (1971); Wallace v. Graves, 227 Ga. 771, 183 S.E.2d 370 (1971); Savannah Bank & Trust Co. v. Keane, 124 Ga. App. 433, 184 S.E.2d 51 (1971); Williams v. Horn, 124 Ga. App. 485, 184 S.E.2d 198 (1971); Rush v. State, 124 Ga. App. 547, 184 S.E.2d 515 (1971); Russell v. Russell Transf. Co., 228 Ga. 478, 186 S.E.2d 101 (1971); Tinsley v. Jarrard, 124 Ga. App. 809, 186 S.E.2d 286 (1971); J.H. Ewing & Sons v. Montgomery, Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:34 5-6-34 124 Ga. App. 836, 186 S.E.2d 335 (1971); Grace Baptist Church of Marietta, Inc. v. Torco, Inc., 228 Ga. 581, 186 S.E.2d 865 (1972); Georgia Timberlands, Inc. v. Southern Airways Co., 125 Ga. App. 404, 188 S.E.2d 108 (1972); Shell v. Watts, 125 Ga. App. 542, 188 S.E.2d 269 (1972); Brown v. Hemperley, 125 Ga. App. 828, 189 S.E.2d 131 (1972); Waggoner v. Bryant, 126 Ga. App. 85, 190 S.E.2d 88 (1972); McCurley v. State, 126 Ga. App. 335, 190 S.E.2d 631 (1972); Housing Auth. v. Marbut Co., 229 Ga. 403, 191 S.E.2d 785 (1972); Roy D. Warren Co. v. Wagnon, 126 Ga. App. 776, 191 S.E.2d 894 (1972); Bibb County v. McDaniel, 127 Ga. App. 129, 192 S.E.2d 544 (1972); Watson v. State, 229 Ga. 787, 194 S.E.2d 407 (1972); Hilliard v. State, 128 Ga. App. 157, 195 S.E.2d 772 (1973); Boggess v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., 128 Ga. App. 190, 196 S.E.2d 172 (1973); Georgia Power Co. v. Carden, 128 Ga. App. 347, 196 S.E.2d 477 (1973); Southern States, Inc. v. Thomason, 128 Ga. App. 667, 197 S.E.2d 429 (1973); Malcom v. Cotton, 128 Ga. App. 703, 197 S.E.2d 763 (1973); International Paper Co. v. Kight, 230 Ga. 720, 198 S.E.2d 681 (1973); Howell v. Harden, 129 Ga. App. 200, 198 S.E.2d 890 (1973); Trammell v. Elliott, 230 Ga. 841, 199 S.E.2d 194 (1973); Eddings v. Eddings, 230 Ga. 743, 199 S.E.2d 255 (1973); Pitts v. GMAC, 231 Ga. 54, 199 S.E.2d 902 (1973); Taylor v. Stapp, 231 Ga. 268, 201 S.E.2d 419 (1973); Amie v. Davis, 130 Ga. App. 177, 202 S.E.2d 581 (1973); Ellenberg v. Pinkerton’s, Inc., 130 Ga. App. 254, 202 S.E.2d 701 (1973); Howell v. Harden, 231 Ga. 594, 203 S.E.2d 206 (1974); Retail Credit Co. v. United Family Life Ins. Co., 130 Ga. App. 524, 203 S.E.2d 760 (1974); Fleming v. Phoenix of Hartford Ins. Co., 130 Ga. App. 771, 204 S.E.2d 460 (1974); D.C.E. v. State, 130 Ga. App. 724, 204 S.E.2d 481 (1974); Alexander v. Blackmon, 232 Ga. 9, 205 S.E.2d 253 (1974); Gilson v. Mitchell, 131 Ga. App. 321, 205 S.E.2d 421 (1974); F.N. Roberts Corp. v. Turman, 131 Ga. App. 689, 206 S.E.2d 579 (1974); Unigard Mut. Ins. Co. v. Carroll, 131 Ga. App. 699, 206 S.E.2d 603 (1974); Walker v. Robinson, 232 Ga. 361, 207 S.E.2d 6 (1974); Townsend v. Orkin Exterminating Co., 131 Ga. App. 824, 207 S.E.2d 230 (1974); Walker’s 524 Page: 525 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 5-6-34 Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:34 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP CERTIORARI AND APPEALS TO APPELLATE COURTS Ready Mix v. Lewis Bros. Gen. Contractors, 132 Ga. App. 147, 207 S.E.2d 628 (1974); M.K.H. v. State, 132 Ga. App. 143, 207 S.E.2d 645 (1974); Benefield v. Elder Bldg. Supply Co., 132 Ga. App. 195, 207 S.E.2d 678 (1974); Frank B. Wilder & Assoc. v. St. Joseph’s Hosp., 132 Ga. App. 373, 208 S.E.2d 145 (1974); Northwestern Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. McGivern, 132 Ga. App. 297, 208 S.E.2d 258 (1974); Foely v. Shanahan, 133 Ga. App. 262, 211 S.E.2d 367 (1974); Termplan, Inc., Bolton v. Haynes, 133 Ga. App. 562, 211 S.E.2d 611 (1974); McMichael v. Georgia Power Co., 133 Ga. App. 593, 211 S.E.2d 632 (1974); Carroll v. Cates, 134 Ga. App. 10, 213 S.E.2d 120 (1975); Georgia Real Estate Comm’n v. Accelerated Courses in Real Estate, Inc., 234 Ga. 30, 214 S.E.2d 495 (1975); Board of Comm’rs v. Allgood, 234 Ga. 9, 214 S.E.2d 522 (1975); Hicks v. State, 234 Ga. 142, 214 S.E.2d 658 (1975); Sims v. State, 234 Ga. 177, 214 S.E.2d 902 (1975); Branch v. Housing Auth., 134 Ga. App. 906, 216 S.E.2d 633 (1975); Herring v. Herring, 234 Ga. 539, 216 S.E.2d 833 (1975); Mulligan v. Scott, 134 Ga. App. 815, 217 S.E.2d 307 (1975); Lee v. Morrison, 135 Ga. App. 72, 217 S.E.2d 395 (1975); Gamble v. United States Fid. & Guar. Co., 135 Ga. App. 85, 217 S.E.2d 403 (1975); Jackson v. Piper Aircraft Corp., 135 Ga. App. 86, 217 S.E.2d 404 (1975); Trump v. Scott Exterminating Co., 135 Ga. App. 473, 218 S.E.2d 149 (1975); Turner v. Harper, 234 Ga. 891, 218 S.E.2d 621 (1975); Merck v. Gober, 135 Ga. App. 591, 218 S.E.2d 641 (1975); Carter v. Pruitt, 235 Ga. 204, 219 S.E.2d 114 (1975); Swift Textiles, Inc. v. Lawson, 135 Ga. App. 799, 219 S.E.2d 167 (1975); Vowell v. Carmichael, 235 Ga. 387, 219 S.E.2d 732 (1975); Jones v. Young, 136 Ga. App. 21, 220 S.E.2d 24 (1975); Bouldin v. Mote, 136 Ga. App. 73, 220 S.E.2d 79 (1975); Pilgrim v. Brookfield West, Inc., 136 Ga. App. 619, 222 S.E.2d 137 (1975); Spikes v. Carter Realty Co., 136 Ga. App. 648, 222 S.E.2d 154 (1975); Herring v. Herring, 236 Ga. 43, 222 S.E.2d 331 (1976); Gordon v. Gordon, 236 Ga. 99, 222 S.E.2d 380 (1976); Smith v. Republic Land & Inv. Corp., 137 Ga. App. 265, 223 S.E.2d 459 (1976); Tingle v. Lokey & Bowden, 137 Ga. App. 368, 223 S.E.2d 763 (1976); An- 5-6-34 thony v. Anthony, 236 Ga. 508, 224 S.E.2d 349 (1976); Barnett v. Mobley, 236 Ga. 565, 224 S.E.2d 406 (1976); Hughes v. Star Bonding Co., 137 Ga. App. 661, 224 S.E.2d 863 (1976); Holcomb v. Trax, Inc., 138 Ga. App. 105, 225 S.E.2d 468 (1976); Hayes v. State, 138 Ga. App. 331, 226 S.E.2d 129 (1976); Taylor v. McBerry, 138 Ga. App. 593, 226 S.E.2d 607 (1976); Video Entertainment, Inc. v. Cartridge Rental Network, 138 Ga. App. 540, 226 S.E.2d 794 (1976); Cox v. Wielder, 237 Ga. 131, 227 S.E.2d 40 (1976); Roach-Russell, Inc. v. A.B.R. Metals & Servs., Inc., 138 Ga. App. 653, 227 S.E.2d 75 (1976); Richert v. Hill Aircraft & Leasing Corp., 138 Ga. App. 638, 227 S.E.2d 83 (1976); McKibben v. Thomas, 138 Ga. App. 544, 227 S.E.2d 87 (1976); U.S.I.F. Atlanta Corp. v. Paul, 138 Ga. App. 625, 227 S.E.2d 90 (1976); Chambers v. Lowe’s of Doraville, Inc., 138 Ga. App. 626, 227 S.E.2d 92 (1976); Rose v. McGuffie, 138 Ga. App. 664, 227 S.E.2d 94 (1976); Bank of Commerce v. Williams, 138 Ga. App. 666, 227 S.E.2d 95 (1976); Pendley v. Hunter, 138 Ga. App. 864, 227 S.E.2d 857 (1976); Nash v. Carlile, 138 Ga. App. 906, 228 S.E.2d 4 (1976); Wright v. Wright, 139 Ga. App. 60, 228 S.E.2d 9 (1976); Johnson v. Barnes, 237 Ga. 502, 229 S.E.2d 70 (1976); Cooper v. Colquitt County Sheriff ’s Dep’t, 139 Ga. App. 592, 229 S.E.2d 100 (1976); Dempsey v. Bradley Center, Inc., 139 Ga. App. 615, 229 S.E.2d 104 (1976); Stancil v. Hudson Oil Co., 139 Ga. App. 632, 229 S.E.2d 113 (1976); Associated Architects, Inc. v. Holland, 139 Ga. App. 793, 229 S.E.2d 674 (1976); Clary v. Brown, 139 Ga. App. 799, 229 S.E.2d 680 (1976); Brooks v. State, 140 Ga. App. 371, 231 S.E.2d 138 (1976); Paris v. Citizens & S. Nat’l Bank, 140 Ga. App. 417, 231 S.E.2d 357 (1976); Rollins Communications, Inc. v. Henderson, Few & Co., 140 Ga. App. 504, 231 S.E.2d 412 (1976); Georgia Heart Ass’n v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 140 Ga. App. 860, 232 S.E.2d 271 (1976); DOT v. Knight, 238 Ga. 225, 232 S.E.2d 72 (1977); Benz v. Quality Elec. Serv., Inc., 141 Ga. App. 15, 232 S.E.2d 364 (1977); Guthrie v. Monumental Properties, Inc., 141 Ga. App. 25, 232 S.E.2d 372 (1977); Herring v. Standard Guar. Ins. Co., 238 Ga. 261, 232 S.E.2d 544 (1977); Kristensen v. Kristensen, 238 525 Page: 526 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP General Consideration (Cont’d) 2. Construction in General (Cont’d) Ga. 294, 232 S.E.2d 564 (1977); Myers v. Fenters, 141 Ga. App. 153, 233 S.E.2d 63 (1977); Dan Austin Properties, Inc. v. Glen Pines, Inc., 238 Ga. 416, 233 S.E.2d 195 (1977); Trust Co. v. Ferrior, 141 Ga. App. 328, 233 S.E.2d 280 (1977); Pennsylvania Poorboy, Inc. v. Robbins Restaurant, Inc., 238 Ga. 539, 233 S.E.2d 791 (1977); Wall v. T.J.B. Servs., Inc., 141 Ga. App. 437, 233 S.E.2d 810 (1977); Venable v. Block, 141 Ga. App. 523, 233 S.E.2d 878 (1977); Smith v. Telecable of Columbus, Inc., 238 Ga. 559, 234 S.E.2d 24 (1977); Ford Motor Credit Co. v. Hunt, 141 Ga. App. 612, 234 S.E.2d 112 (1977); Wilbanks v. Wilbanks, 238 Ga. 660, 234 S.E.2d 915 (1977); Smith v. State, 238 Ga. 655, 235 S.E.2d 375 (1977); Moreland v. Gillis, 238 Ga. 658, 235 S.E.2d 375 (1977); First Nat’l Bank v. Ferrell, 239 Ga. 8, 235 S.E.2d 507 (1977); Smith v. Smith, 239 Ga. 38, 235 S.E.2d 526 (1977); Dehler v. Setliff, 239 Ga. 19, 235 S.E.2d 540 (1977); Pascoe Steel Corp. v. Turner County Bd. of Educ., 142 Ga. App. 88, 235 S.E.2d 554 (1977); Strother v. Hill Aircraft & Leasing Corp., 142 Ga. App. 206, 235 S.E.2d 647 (1977); Northcutt v. Citizens & S. Nat’l Bank, 142 Ga. App. 358, 235 S.E.2d 687 (1977); Stallings v. Chance, 142 Ga. App. 491, 236 S.E.2d 110 (1977); Mahler v. Paquin, 142 Ga. App. 582, 236 S.E.2d 512 (1977); Anthony v. Anthony, 239 Ga. 273, 236 S.E.2d 621 (1977); J.T.M. v. State, 142 Ga. App. 635, 236 S.E.2d 764 (1977); West v. Life Ins. Co., 142 Ga. App. 877, 237 S.E.2d 239 (1977); Price v. Winn, 142 Ga. App. 790, 237 S.E.2d 409 (1977); Vaughn & Co. v. Saul, 143 Ga. App. 74, 237 S.E.2d 622 (1977); Middleton v. State Farm Life Ins. Co., 143 Ga. App. 176, 237 S.E.2d 684 (1977); State v. Eubanks, 239 Ga. 483, 238 S.E.2d 38 (1977); Morgan v. Department of Transp., 239 Ga. 560, 238 S.E.2d 95 (1977); Herring v. Herring, 143 Ga. App. 286, 238 S.E.2d 240 (1977); Silverstein v. Silverstein, 239 Ga. 840, 239 S.E.2d 24 (1977); Georgia Cent. Credit Union v. Cole, 239 Ga. 870, 239 S.E.2d 37 (1977); Shipp v. World Automotive, Inc., 144 Ga. App. 38, 240 S.E.2d 590 (1977); Maheia v. Weeks, 144 Ga. App. 199, 240 S.E.2d 752 Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:34 5-6-34 (1977); Mathews v. Fidelcor Mtg. Corp., 144 Ga. App. 140, 240 S.E.2d 758 (1977); Williams v. Ray, 144 Ga. App. 634, 241 S.E.2d 502 (1978); Goolsby v. Oakes, 240 Ga. 493, 241 S.E.2d 836 (1978); Williams v. Duke, 240 Ga. 569, 242 S.E.2d 67 (1978); Wood v. Wood, 240 Ga. 861, 242 S.E.2d 599 (1978); Martin v. Cullum, 144 Ga. App. 886, 243 S.E.2d 108 (1978); Dein v. Citizens Jewelry Co., 145 Ga. App. 118, 243 S.E.2d 286 (1978); Georgia Power Co. v. Worthington, 145 Ga. App. 44, 243 S.E.2d 297 (1978); National Life & Accident Ins. Co. v. Rouse, 145 Ga. App. 40, 243 S.E.2d 300 (1978); Ralston Purina Co. v. Davis, 145 Ga. App. 110, 243 S.E.2d 317 (1978); Loftin v. Carrollton State Bank, 145 Ga. App. 166, 243 S.E.2d 333 (1978); Associate Architects, Inc. v. Holland, 145 Ga. App. 210, 243 S.E.2d 573 (1978); Ansaldi v. Dexter, 145 Ga. App. 557, 244 S.E.2d 98 (1978); Stone v. Citizens & S. Nat’l Bank, 145 Ga. App. 601, 244 S.E.2d 135 (1978); Odom v. Odom, 241 Ga. 451, 246 S.E.2d 308 (1978); Diversified One Investors, Ltd. v. Archway Properties, Inc., 146 Ga. App. 453, 246 S.E.2d 462 (1978); Alesi v. Conant, 146 Ga. App. 455, 246 S.E.2d 464 (1978); Sumner v. Adel Banking Co., 241 Ga. 563, 246 S.E.2d 680 (1978); Bozard v. J.A. Jones Constr. Co., 146 Ga. App. 877, 247 S.E.2d 605 (1978); C. & S. Nat’l Bank v. Levitz Furn. of E. Region, Inc., 147 Ga. App. 295, 248 S.E.2d 556 (1978); Executive Jet Sales, Inc. v. Jet America, Inc., 242 Ga. 307, 248 S.E.2d 676 (1978); Sumter County Bd. of Educ. v. Mosley, 147 Ga. App. 478, 249 S.E.2d 284 (1978); Zeesman v. Hobbs, 147 Ga. App. 644, 249 S.E.2d 697 (1978); Community Educ. Center v. Cohen, 148 Ga. App. 131, 251 S.E.2d 97 (1978); Thum v. White, 148 Ga. App. 109, 251 S.E.2d 100 (1978); Shmunes v. Coffey Chevrolet & Oldsmobile, Inc., 148 Ga. App. 114, 251 S.E.2d 105 (1978); Williams v. State, 148 Ga. App. 176, 251 S.E.2d 130 (1978); Nager v. Lad’n Dad Slacks, 148 Ga. App. 401, 251 S.E.2d 330 (1978); Bozard v. J.A. Jones Constr. Co., 148 Ga. App. 425, 251 S.E.2d 362 (1978); Fulton County Dep’t of Family & Children Servs. v. Perkins, 244 Ga. 237, 259 S.E.2d 427 (1978); Sapp v. ABC Credit & Inv. Co., 243 Ga. 151, 253 S.E.2d 82 (1979); Propes v. Stonington Homeowners 526 Page: 527 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 5-6-34 Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:34 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP CERTIORARI AND APPEALS TO APPELLATE COURTS Ass’n, 149 Ga. App. 135, 253 S.E.2d 813 (1979); Garrett v. Heisler, 149 Ga. App. 240, 253 S.E.2d 863 (1979); E.M.I. Enters., Ltd. v. First Nat’l Bank, 149 Ga. App. 373, 254 S.E.2d 913 (1979); Roehl v. O’Keefe, 243 Ga. 696, 256 S.E.2d 375 (1979); Gunthorpe v. Daniels, 150 Ga. App. 113, 257 S.E.2d 199 (1979); Georgia Consumer Center, Inc. v. Georgia Power Co., 150 Ga. App. 511, 258 S.E.2d 250 (1979); Cox v. Farmers Bank, 151 Ga. App. 64, 258 S.E.2d 731 (1979); Smith v. Houston, 244 Ga. 113, 259 S.E.2d 93 (1979); Knox v. Knox, 151 Ga. App. 144, 259 S.E.2d 150 (1979); Duvall v. Baker, 244 Ga. 228, 259 S.E.2d 478 (1979); Trotman v. Spell, 151 Ga. App. 241, 259 S.E.2d 490 (1979); Pugh v. Frank Jackson Lincoln-Mercury, Inc., 151 Ga. App. 320, 259 S.E.2d 711 (1979); Petkas v. Piedmont-Linberg Corp., 151 Ga. App. 323, 259 S.E.2d 713 (1979); Wise v. Georgia State Bd. for Examination, Qualification & Registration of Architects, 244 Ga. 449, 260 S.E.2d 477 (1979); Sugarman v. Shaginaw, 151 Ga. App. 621, 260 S.E.2d 731 (1979); McDonald v. McDonald, 244 Ga. 453, 260 S.E.2d 853 (1979); Wallace v. Bledsoe, 244 Ga. 674, 261 S.E.2d 399 (1979); Lysius v. Bertha, 151 Ga. App. 702, 261 S.E.2d 459 (1979); Capital Bank v. Levy, 151 Ga. App. 819, 261 S.E.2d 722 (1979); Hardy v. Georgia Power Co., 151 Ga. App. 803, 261 S.E.2d 749 (1979); St. Clair v. Robert A. McNeil Corp., 151 Ga. App. 876, 261 S.E.2d 782 (1979); Thurman v. Unicure, Inc., 151 Ga. App. 880, 261 S.E.2d 785 (1979); Mullinax v. Standard Fire Ins. Co., 152 Ga. App. 425, 263 S.E.2d 231 (1979); Rothenberg v. Investco Int’l Corp., 152 Ga. App. 474, 263 S.E.2d 254 (1979); King Orthopedic Appliances, Inc. v. Medical Funding Servs., Inc., 152 Ga. App. 544, 263 S.E.2d 485 (1979); Autumn Breeze Nursing Home, Inc. v. Hale, 153 Ga. App. 176, 265 S.E.2d 79 (1980); Cobb Bank & Trust Co. v. Baier, 153 Ga. App. 194, 265 S.E.2d 82 (1980); Pace Constr. Corp. v. Houdaille-Duval-Wright Div., Houdaille Indus., Inc., 245 Ga. 696, 266 S.E.2d 504 (1980); Henderson v. Collins, 245 Ga. 776, 267 S.E.2d 202 (1980); Harwell v. Georgia Power Co., 154 Ga. App. 142, 267 S.E.2d 769 (1980); In re Norris, 154 Ga. App. 173, 5-6-34 267 S.E.2d 788 (1980); Sun First Nat’l Bank v. Gainesville 75, Ltd., 155 Ga. App. 70, 270 S.E.2d 293 (1980); Green v. Green, 246 Ga. 218, 271 S.E.2d 151 (1980); Jack V. Heard Contractors, Inc. v. Adams Constr. Co., 155 Ga. App. 409, 271 S.E.2d 222 (1980); State v. Graham, 246 Ga. 341, 271 S.E.2d 627 (1980); Holman v. Ruesken, 246 Ga. 557, 272 S.E.2d 292 (1980); Burke v. Probst, 246 Ga. 687, 272 S.E.2d 698 (1980); Estes v. John Bleakley Ford, Inc., 246 Ga. 747, 272 S.E.2d 703 (1980); Benson v. York, 246 Ga. 751, 272 S.E.2d 706 (1980); Citizens & S. Nat’l Bank v. Rayle, 246 Ga. 727, 273 S.E.2d 139 (1980); Bedford v. Bedford, 246 Ga. 780, 273 S.E.2d 167 (1980); Smith v. Forrester, 156 Ga. App. 79, 274 S.E.2d 101 (1980); Valdmanis v. Lawhon, 156 Ga. App. 646, 274 S.E.2d 169 (1980); Walker v. City of Atlanta, 156 Ga. App. 223, 274 S.E.2d 668 (1980); Johnson v. Gwinnett County Bank, 156 Ga. App. 597, 275 S.E.2d 157 (1980); Fields v. Tankersley, 487 F. Supp. 1389 (S.D. Ga. 1980); Gorrell v. Fowler, 247 Ga. 67, 273 S.E.2d 852 (1981); Habersham Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n v. Marcin, 156 Ga. App. 891, 276 S.E.2d 63 (1981); Ray v. Ray, 247 Ga. 467, 277 S.E.2d 495 (1981); Tabernacle Baptist Church v. Dorsey, 247 Ga. 675, 278 S.E.2d 378 (1981); Horne v. Drachman, 247 Ga. 802, 280 S.E.2d 338 (1981); Martin v. Herr, 158 Ga. App. 329, 280 S.E.2d 387 (1981); Kaigler v. Folsom, 158 Ga. App. 311, 281 S.E.2d 250 (1981); Bullock v. City of Dallas, 248 Ga. 164, 281 S.E.2d 613 (1981); Bell v. Rodgers, 158 Ga. App. 507, 281 S.E.2d 647 (1981); Citibank v. Hill, 158 Ga. App. 574, 281 S.E.2d 650 (1981); Carmichael v. Carmichael, 248 Ga. 216, 282 S.E.2d 71 (1981); McDowell v. State, 158 Ga. App. 712, 282 S.E.2d 125 (1981); Pierce v. Gaskins, 158 Ga. App. 864, 282 S.E.2d 776 (1981); Commercial Union Assurance Cos. v. Holbert, 159 Ga. App. 374, 283 S.E.2d 337 (1981); Sanders v. Colwell, 248 Ga. 376, 283 S.E.2d 461 (1981); Cole v. Sheraton Atlanta Corp., 159 Ga. App. 439, 283 S.E.2d 668 (1981); Walker v. Walker, 159 Ga. App. 583, 284 S.E.2d 89 (1981); Godfrey v. State, 248 Ga. 616, 284 S.E.2d 422 (1981); Deans v. Kingston Dev. Corp., 248 Ga. 557, 285 S.E.2d 11 (1981); Attwell v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 159 Ga. App. 811, 527 Page: 528 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP General Consideration (Cont’d) 2. Construction in General (Cont’d) 285 S.E.2d 199 (1981); Coffey Enter. Realty & Dev. Co. v. DOT, 159 Ga. App. 903, 286 S.E.2d 44 (1981); Grantham v. Nelson, 160 Ga. App. 68, 286 S.E.2d 59 (1981); Atlanta News Agency, Inc. v. MacConochie Constr. Co., 160 Ga. App. 306, 287 S.E.2d 314 (1981); Theo v. DOT, 160 Ga. App. 518, 287 S.E.2d 333 (1981); City of Atlanta v. West, 160 Ga. App. 609, 287 S.E.2d 558 (1981); Georgia Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Stevenson, 160 Ga. App. 805, 287 S.E.2d 662 (1982); Cohran v. Jones, 160 Ga. App. 761, 288 S.E.2d 80 (1981); Cohran v. Carlin, 160 Ga. App. 762, 288 S.E.2d 81 (1981); Underhill v. Barnes, 161 Ga. App. 776, 288 S.E.2d 905 (1982); Teledyne Indus., Inc. v. Patron Aviation, Inc., 161 Ga. App. 596, 288 S.E.2d 911 (1982); Wiley v. Williams, 161 Ga. App. 601, 289 S.E.2d 27 (1982); Small v. Auto Rental & Leasing, Inc., 248 Ga. 665, 289 S.E.2d 246 (1981); Widener v. Ravenscroft, 161 Ga. App. 12, 289 S.E.2d 257 (1982); Fagala v. Morrison, 161 Ga. App. 655, 289 S.E.2d 528 (1982); Calloway v. Calloway, 161 Ga. App. 752, 289 S.E.2d 559 (1982); Lockman v. Catawba Ins. Co., 162 Ga. App. 244, 291 S.E.2d 99 (1982); In re L.B.B., 162 Ga. App. 257, 291 S.E.2d 108 (1982); Cohran v. Carlin, 249 Ga. 510, 291 S.E.2d 538 (1982); Equitable Life Assurance Soc’y v. Sullivan, 164 Ga. App. 552, 292 S.E.2d 567 (1982); Thomas v. Waldrup, 162 Ga. App. 721, 293 S.E.2d 354 (1982); Smiley v. State, 164 Ga. App. 12, 296 S.E.2d 209 (1982); Marshall Erdman & Assocs. v. Georgia State Bd. for Examination, Qualification & Registration of Architects, 164 Ga. App. 283, 296 S.E.2d 219 (1982); Northside Cleaners, Inc. v. Paleologou, 163 Ga. App. 827, 296 S.E.2d 361 (1982); Echols v. State, 163 Ga. App. 905, 296 S.E.2d 366 (1982); Wallace v. Scott, 164 Ga. App. 129, 296 S.E.2d 423 (1982); Westberry v. Saunders, 250 Ga. 240, 296 S.E.2d 596 (1982); Chadwick v. Frix, 165 Ga. App. 20, 299 S.E.2d 93 (1983); Fast Freight Transf., Inc. v. Buffington, 165 Ga. App. 138, 299 S.E.2d 422 (1983); Equitable Life Assurance Soc’y v. Sullivan, 165 Ga. App. 223, 299 S.E.2d 615, cert. denied, Wills v. McAuley, Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:34 5-6-34 166 Ga. App. 4, 303 S.E.2d 26, 251 Ga. 41, 305 S.E.2d 120 (1983); Georgia Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Ritchie, 165 Ga. App. 298, 300 S.E.2d 550 (1983); Whatley v. Blue Cross of Ga./Columbus, Inc., 165 Ga. App. 340, 301 S.E.2d 60 (1983); Smith v. Smith, 162 Ga. App. 532, 301 S.E.2d 696 (1983); Phillips Constr. Co. v. Cowart Iron Works, Inc., 165 Ga. App. 605, 302 S.E.2d 142 (1983); Porter v. Calhoun County Bd. of Comm’rs, 167 Ga. App. 53, 306 S.E.2d 58 (1983); Union Indem. Ins. Co. v. Cherokee Ins. Co., 168 Ga. App. 82, 308 S.E.2d 238 (1983); Regante v. Reliable-Triple Cee of N.J., Inc., 251 Ga. 629, 308 S.E.2d 372 (1983); Scott v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 168 Ga. App. 815, 310 S.E.2d 772 (1983); Jones v. Singleton, 253 Ga. 41, 316 S.E.2d 154 (1984); Beckman v. Black, 170 Ga. App. 193, 316 S.E.2d 784 (1984); Howard v. Collins, 170 Ga. App. 362, 317 S.E.2d 630 (1984); Miller v. State, 171 Ga. App. 222, 319 S.E.2d 79 (1984); Schieffelin & Co. v. Strickland, 253 Ga. 385, 320 S.E.2d 358 (1984); United Food & Com. Workers Union v. Amberjack Ltd., 253 Ga. 438, 321 S.E.2d 736 (1984); Carter v. Landel/ Arundel, Inc., 172 Ga. App. 115, 322 S.E.2d 108 (1984); Life for God’s Stray Animals, Inc. v. New N. Rockdale County Homeowners Ass’n, 253 Ga. 551, 322 S.E.2d 239 (1984); State v. Cook, 172 Ga. App. 433, 323 S.E.2d 634 (1984); Welch v. State, 172 Ga. App. 654, 324 S.E.2d 488 (1984); Calhoun Clinic, P.C. v. Raju, 173 Ga. App. 320, 326 S.E.2d 529 (1985); Cable Holdings of Battlefield, Inc. v. Lookout Cable Serv., Inc., 173 Ga. App. 355, 326 S.E.2d 552 (1985); James v. Allen, 173 Ga. App. 636, 327 S.E.2d 501 (1985); Collier v. Rogers, 173 Ga. App. 621, 327 S.E.2d 588 (1985); Malpass v. State, 173 Ga. App. 690, 327 S.E.2d 753 (1985); Robinson v. Robinson, 174 Ga. App. 656, 331 S.E.2d 8 (1985); Olympic Dev. Group, Inc. v. American Druggists’ Ins. Co., 175 Ga. App. 425, 333 S.E.2d 622 (1985); State v. Thomas, 176 Ga. App. 106, 335 S.E.2d 697 (1985); Pinyan v. Hamby, 176 Ga. App. 411, 336 S.E.2d 331 (1985); Boatright v. Sunshine Toyota, Inc., 177 Ga. App. 332, 339 S.E.2d 275 (1985); Brown v. Associates Fin. Servs. Corp., 255 Ga. 457, 339 S.E.2d 590 (1986); All Am. Assurance Co. v. Brown, 177 Ga. App. 402, 339 S.E.2d 611 (1985); 528 Page: 529 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 5-6-34 Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:35 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP CERTIORARI AND APPEALS TO APPELLATE COURTS Butler v. Gray, 177 Ga. App. 498, 339 S.E.2d 769 (1986); Barikos v. Vanderslice, 177 Ga. App. 884, 341 S.E.2d 513 (1986); Nazerian v. City of McCaysville, 178 Ga. App. 27, 342 S.E.2d 11 (1986); Days Inn of Am., Inc. v. Sharkey, 178 Ga. App. 718, 344 S.E.2d 518 (1986); Sidwell v. Wheeler, 178 Ga. App. 732, 344 S.E.2d 527 (1986); Preferred Risk Mut. Ins. Co. v. Laube, 181 Ga. App. 579, 353 S.E.2d 203 (1987); Crolley v. State, 182 Ga. App. 2, 354 S.E.2d 864 (1987); Neal v. State, 182 Ga. App. 37, 354 S.E.2d 664 (1987); Powell v. State, 182 Ga. App. 123, 355 S.E.2d 72 (1987); Travelers Indem. Co. v. Schenden, 182 Ga. App. 735, 356 S.E.2d 761 (1987); Williams v. Natalie Townhouses of Inman Park Condominium Ass’n, 182 Ga. App. 815, 357 S.E.2d 156 (1987); Georgia Am. Ins. Co. v. Mills, 183 Ga. App. 707, 359 S.E.2d 697 (1987); Isaacs v. State, 257 Ga. 798, 364 S.E.2d 567 (1988); Hardman v. Hardman, 185 Ga. App. 519, 364 S.E.2d 645 (1988); Stewart v. State, 185 Ga. App. 647, 365 S.E.2d 498 (1988); Gourmet Delights, Inc. v. Edgewater Country Club, Inc., 185 Ga. App. 660, 365 S.E.2d 514 (1988); Crolley v. Johnson, 185 Ga. App. 671, 365 S.E.2d 277 (1988); Jonquil City Contractors v. Augustine, 186 Ga. App. 915, 369 S.E.2d 55 (1988); Leeks v. State, 188 Ga. App. 625, 373 S.E.2d 777 (1988); Atlanta Dev. Co. v. Peel & Sons, 189 Ga. App. 453, 377 S.E.2d 552 (1988); Baynes v. State, 189 Ga. App. 797, 377 S.E.2d 708 (1989); Simons v. Equitec Properties Co., 190 Ga. App. 804, 380 S.E.2d 90 (1989); Reese v. Georgia Power Co., 191 Ga. App. 125, 381 S.E.2d 110 (1989); Klein v. Standard Fire Ins. Co., 191 Ga. App. 417, 382 S.E.2d 158 (1989); LDS Social Servs. Corp. v. Richins, 191 Ga. App. 695, 382 S.E.2d 607 (1989); Abercrombie v. Miller, 191 Ga. App. 858, 383 S.E.2d 358 (1989); Camelback Mgt. Co. v. Phoenix Periodicals, Inc., 192 Ga. App. 101, 383 S.E.2d 651 (1989); Mitchell v. Wyatt, 192 Ga. App. 127, 384 S.E.2d 227 (1989); Friedman v. Friedman, 259 Ga. 530, 384 S.E.2d 641 (1989); McClure v. Gower, 259 Ga. 678, 385 S.E.2d 271 (1989); Pettus v. Paylay, Frank & Brown, 193 Ga. App. 335, 387 S.E.2d 613 (1989); DOT v. B & G Realty, Inc., 193 Ga. App. 649, 388 S.E.2d 749 (1989); First Union Nat’l Bank v. 5-6-34 Cumberland Creek Country Club, 194 Ga. App. 332, 390 S.E.2d 422 (1990) ; Lewis v. McDowell, 194 Ga. App. 429, 390 S.E.2d 605 (1990); Barber v. Collins, 194 Ga. App. 385, 390 S.E.2d 633 (1990); Raymer v. Foster & Cooper, Inc., 195 Ga. App. 200, 393 S.E.2d 49 (1990); Monroe v. Brooks, 195 Ga. App. 310, 393 S.E.2d 463 (1990); Wallace v. Meyer, 260 Ga. 253, 394 S.E.2d 350 (1990); Miller v. Jeff Davis Apts., Ltd. II, 196 Ga. App. 600, 396 S.E.2d 494 (1990); Atlantic Wood Indus., Inc. v. Lumbermen’s Underwriting Alliance, 196 Ga. App. 503, 396 S.E.2d 541 (1990); Acme Fence Co. v. DOT, 197 Ga. App. 187, 397 S.E.2d 622 (1990); International Serv. Ins. Co. v. Harter, 197 Ga. App. 481, 398 S.E.2d 705 (1990); Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Cantrell, 197 Ga. App. 672, 399 S.E.2d 237 (1990); Landor Condominium Consultants, Inc. v. Bankers First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n, 198 Ga. App. 274, 401 S.E.2d 305 (1991); Williams v. Opriciu, 198 Ga. App. 663, 402 S.E.2d 744 (1991); Artis v. Gaither, 199 Ga. App. 114, 404 S.E.2d 322 (1991); Wood v. State, 199 Ga. App. 252, 404 S.E.2d 589 (1991); Hunter v. Roberts, 199 Ga. App. 318, 404 S.E.2d 645 (1991); Gillis v. Goodgame, 199 Ga. App. 413, 404 S.E.2d 815 (1991); In re J.B., 199 Ga. App. 593, 405 S.E.2d 574 (1991); Serco Co. v. Choice Bumper, Inc., 199 Ga. App. 846, 406 S.E.2d 276 (1991); Lawson v. Athens Auto Supply & Elec., Inc., 200 Ga. App. 609, 409 S.E.2d 60 (1991); Sorrentino v. Boston Mut. Life Ins. Co., 206 Ga. App. 771, 426 S.E.2d 594 (1992); Lumbermen’s Underwriting Alliance v. Atlantic Wood Indus., Inc., 207 Ga. App. 392, 427 S.E.2d 861 (1993); Wilson v. Southern Ry., 208 Ga. App. 598, 431 S.E.2d 383 (1993); Commerce Properties, Inc. v. Linthicum, 209 Ga. App. 853, 434 S.E.2d 769 (1993); Fairburn Banking Co. v. Gafford, 263 Ga. 792, 439 S.E.2d 482 (1994); Marshall v. Ricmar, Inc., 215 Ga. App. 470, 451 S.E.2d 515 (1994); Richardson v. GMC, 221 Ga. App. 583, 472 S.E.2d 143 (1996); Gist v. DeKalb Tire Co., 223 Ga. App. 397, 477 S.E.2d 616 (1996); Gray v. Springs, 224 Ga. App. 427, 481 S.E.2d 3 (1997); Andemeskel v. Waffle House, Inc., 227 Ga. App. 887, 490 S.E.2d 550 (1997); Postell v. State, 233 Ga. App. 800, 505 S.E.2d 782 (1998); Fulton County Tax Comm’r v. 529 Page: 530 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP General Consideration (Cont’d) 2. Construction in General (Cont’d) GMC, 234 Ga. App. 459, 507 S.E.2d 772 (1998); Reliance Ins. Co. v. Cobb County, 235 Ga. App. 685, 510 S.E.2d 129 (1998); Simmons Co. v. Deutsche Fin. Servs. Corp., 243 Ga. App. 85, 532 S.E.2d 436 (2000); Cobb Ctr. Pawn & Jewelry Brokers, Inc. v. Gordon, 242 Ga. App. 73, 529 S.E.2d 138 (2000); Keller v. State, 242 Ga. App. 150, 529 S.E.2d 167 (2000); Sprayberry v. Dougherty County, 273 Ga. 503, 543 S.E.2d 29 (2001); ARA Health Servs. v. Stitt, 250 Ga. App. 420, 551 S.E.2d 793 (2001); Chambers v. Gwinnett Community Hosp., Inc., 253 Ga. App. 25, 557 S.E.2d 412 (2001); Benedict v. Snead, 253 Ga. App. 749, 560 S.E.2d 278 (2002); St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co. v. Clark, 255 Ga. App. 14, 566 S.E.2d 2 (2002); S. Healthcare Sys. v. Health Care Capital Consol., Inc., 275 Ga. 247, 563 S.E.2d 132 (2002); The Ltd., Inc. v. Learning Childbirth Ctr., Inc., 255 Ga. App. 688, 566 S.E.2d 411 (2002); DeKalb County v. Adams, 262 Ga. App. 243, 585 S.E.2d 178 (2003); Minor v. Barwick, 264 Ga. App. 327, 590 S.E.2d 754 (2003); Swanson v. Swanson, 276 Ga. 566, 580 S.E.2d 526 (2003); TJW Enters. v. Henry County, 261 Ga. App. 547, 583 S.E.2d 144 (2003); Frantz v. Piccadilly Place Condo. Ass’n, 278 Ga. 103, 597 S.E.2d 354 (2004); Williams v. Trammell, 281 Ga. App. 590, 636 S.E.2d 757 (2006); DaimlerChrysler v. Ferrante, 281 Ga. 273, 637 S.E.2d 659 (2006); Dierkes v. Crawford Orthodontic Care, P.C., 284 Ga. App. 96, 643 S.E.2d 364 (2007); Langfitt v. Jackson, 284 Ga. App. 628, 644 S.E.2d 460 (2007); Humphrey v. Wilson, 282 Ga. 520, 652 S.E.2d 501 (2007); McKesson Corp. v. Green, 286 Ga. App. 110, 648 S.E.2d 457 (2007); In the Interest of E.W., 290 Ga. App. 95, 658 S.E.2d 854 (2008); Ansley Marine Constr., Inc. v. Swanberg, 290 Ga. App. 388, 660 S.E.2d 6 (2008); Korowotny v. Outback Prop. Owners Ass’n, 291 Ga. App. 236, 661 S.E.2d 857 (2008); Ayer v. Norfolk Timber Inv., LLC, 291 Ga. App. 409, 662 S.E.2d 221 (2008); Spinner v. City of Dallas, 292 Ga. App. 251, 663 S.E.2d 815 (2008); Bunn v. State, 284 Ga. 410, 667 S.E.2d 605 (2008); City of Decatur v. DeKalb County, Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:35 5-6-34 284 Ga. 434, 668 S.E.2d 247 (2008); White v. Shamrock Bldg. Sys., 294 Ga. App. 340, 669 S.E.2d 168 (2008); Sampler v. State, 294 Ga. App. 174, 669 S.E.2d 195 (2008); Haygood v. Tilley, 295 Ga. App. 90, 670 S.E.2d 800 (2008); Treu v. Humanism Inv., Inc., 284 Ga. 657, 670 S.E.2d 409 (2008); Century Ctr. at Braselton, LLC v. Town of Braselton, 285 Ga. 380, 677 S.E.2d 106 (2009); State, DOT v. Douglas Asphalt Co., 297 Ga. App. 511, 677 S.E.2d 728 (2009); Anthony Hill Grading, Inc. v. SBS Invs., LLC, 297 Ga. App. 728, 678 S.E.2d 174 (2009); Croft v. Croft, 298 Ga. App. 303, 680 S.E.2d 150 (2009); State v. Burks, 285 Ga. 781, 684 S.E.2d 269 (2009); Harris v. Williams, 304 Ga. App. 390, 696 S.E.2d 131 (2010); Avery Enters. v. Lyndhurst Builders, LLC, 304 Ga. App. 353, 696 S.E.2d 389 (2010); Lumsden v. Williams, 307 Ga. App. 163, 704 S.E.2d 458 (2010); Nelson v. Bd. of Regents of the Univ. Sys. of Ga., 307 Ga. App. 220, 704 S.E.2d 868 (2010); Burnett v. State, 309 Ga. App. 422, 710 S.E.2d 624 (2011); Pierce v. State, 289 Ga. 893, 717 S.E.2d 202 (2011); Blackmore v. Blackmore, 311 Ga. App. 885, 717 S.E.2d 504 (2011); Ellington v. State, 292 Ga. 109, 735 S.E.2d 736 (2012); Heidt v. State, 292 Ga. 343, 736 S.E.2d 384 (2013). What Are Final, Appealable Judgments Constitutionality of law appealable from oral ruling. — Distinct, oral ruling, reflected in a transcript is sufficient and need not be reduced to writing in order to invoke the Supreme Court of Georgia’s exclusive appellate jurisdiction in cases in which the constitutionality of a law has been drawn into question. Jenkins v. State, 284 Ga. 642, 670 S.E.2d 425 (2008). Dismissal of complaint against one of two defendants for failure to set forth facts establishing venue as to that defendant not a final, appealable judgment, as the action remained pending against the other defendant. Coley Fertilizer Co. v. Gold Kist, Inc., 174 Ga. App. 471, 330 S.E.2d 597 (1985). Dismissal of complaint against one of two defendants. — Order entered by a county superior court which stated that the plaintiff had no claim against a county sheriff but allowed the filing of the plain- 530 Page: 531 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 5-6-34 Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:35 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP CERTIORARI AND APPEALS TO APPELLATE COURTS tiff ’s complaint against a county law enforcement employee does not constitute a final order of disposition from which the plaintiff may appeal. Howard v. Wilkes, 191 Ga. App. 239, 382 S.E.2d 434 (1989). Because an insured could not use a voluntary dismissal of one of the defendants as the vehicle for appellate review of rulings entered by the trial court more than 30 days from the filing of the notice of appeal, and no other final appealable ruling existed in the record, the insured’s appeal was dismissed based on the appellate court’s lack of jurisdiction. Waye v. Continental Special Risks, Inc., 289 Ga. App. 82, 656 S.E.2d 150 (2007), cert. denied, 2008 Ga. LEXIS 392 (Ga. 2008). Dismissal of complaint without dismissal of counterclaim. — Voluntary dismissal of a complaint by a party is not a final judgment within the meaning of O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34 where a counterclaim filed by the other side was never actually dismissed. Memorial Medical Ctr., Inc. v. Moore, 184 Ga. App. 176, 361 S.E.2d 49 (1987); Chatham County Hosp. Auth. v. Mack, 185 Ga. App. 13, 363 S.E.2d 264 (1987). Dismissal of claims when other claims pending not appealable order. — Trial court’s order dismissing claims was not an appealable final order because claims remained pending in the trial court, and the trial court did not direct entry of final judgment; additionally, there was no compliance with interlocutory appeals procedure. Church v. Bell, 213 Ga. App. 44, 443 S.E.2d 677 (1994); Financial Inv. Group, Inc. v. Cornelison, 238 Ga. App. 223, 516 S.E.2d 844 (1999). Dismissal of complaint without prejudice for failure to file an expert’s affidavit was a final judgment as to the defendants and was appealable under paragraph (a)(1) of O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34. Jordan, Jones & Goulding, Inc. v. Balfour Beatty Constr., Inc., 246 Ga. App. 93, 539 S.E.2d 828 (2000). Verdict form was not an appealable final judgment. — ‘‘Verdict form’’ entered by the trial court in April 2008 did not constitute an appealable final judgment under O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34 so that a notice of appeal was untimely. The trial court specifically entered final judgment 5-6-34 in July 2008, and the notice of appeal was filed within 30 days of that date. Sunstate Indus. v. VP Group, Inc., 298 Ga. App. 269, 679 S.E.2d 824 (2009). Denial of a protective order. — Granting of a protective order denying the defendant’s discovery motion left the defendant with no further recourse entitling the defendant to a direct appeal. R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. v. Fischer, 207 Ga. App. 292, 427 S.E.2d 810 (1993). Partial taking condemnation order. — Because a partial taking condemnation order was not otherwise a final appealable judgment within the meaning of O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34(a), and the parties could have appealed by complying with the relevant interlocutory appeal requirements, but did not do so, the appeals court lacked jurisdiction to consider either the appeal or the cross-appeal; moreover, the superior court’s rulings on the admissibility of certain evidence constituted no judgment on the merits of any part of the appealing party’s claim for just and adequate compensation. Forest City Gun Club v. Chatham County, 280 Ga. App. 219, 633 S.E.2d 623 (2006). New trial for fewer than all defendants. — Both the order granting the plaintiffs a new trial as to one defendant and the order denying the defendants’ motion for a new trial as to the other defendant were nonfinal and interlocutory orders and, as such, did not otherwise finally dispose of the plaintiffs’ motion for new trial so as to render the underlying judgment in favor of both defendants final and directly appealable by those defendants. Crumbley v. Wyant, 183 Ga. App. 802, 360 S.E.2d 276, cert. denied, 183 Ga. App. 905, 360 S.E.2d 276 (1987). Lack of notice of trial. — Ruling on a motion to set aside the verdict and judgment for a new trial based on a lack of notice of trial is subject to direct review as a motion for a new trial when the lack of notice is based on a defect not appearing upon the face of the record. Hill v. Bailey, 187 Ga. App. 413, 370 S.E.2d 520 (1988). In absence of any judgment, ruling, or order rendered by court on motions for summary judgment and for certification of the action as a class action, the motions and other enumerations of 531 Page: 532 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP What Are Final, Appealable Judgments (Cont’d) alleged error dependent upon rulings on the motions are not yet ripe for review by the appellate courts. Stoddard v. Board of Tax Assessors, 173 Ga. App. 467, 326 S.E.2d 827 (1985). Because the notice of appeal divested the trial court of jurisdiction, and thereby established the permissible parameters of the case on appeal, the order denying the motion for reconsideration was ineffective and did not constitute a judgment, ruling, or order rendered in the case within the meaning of O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34(d). State v. White, 282 Ga. 859, 655 S.E.2d 575 (2008). Denial of a motion to intervene is not a final judgment; thus, it is reviewable under the interlocutory appeal procedure. Morman v. Board of Regents, 198 Ga. App. 544, 402 S.E.2d 320 (1991). Trial court’s order denying a motion to recuse was not a ‘‘final judgment,’’ and required an application for interlocutory review. Rolleston v. Glynn County Bd. of Tax Assessors, 213 Ga. App. 552, 445 S.E.2d 345 (1994). Denial of request for appellate counsel. — Because the defendant failed to file a timely direct appeal of the denial of the defendant’s request for appellate counsel, the defendant was precluded from raising the same issue again; further, the defendant had withdrawn from the appellate court the record from the original appeal, and therefore the appellate court did not know whether the defendant attempted to raise the issue of appellate counsel during the defendant’s initial appeal; as the initial appeal had been decided, the issue was moot under O.C.G.A. § 5-6-48(b)(3). Spear v. State, 271 Ga. App. 845, 610 S.E.2d 642 (2005). Grant of motion to set aside judgment, like grant of motion for new trial, leaves case still pending in court below and thus is not a final judgment. Franklin v. Collins, 162 Ga. App. 755, 293 S.E.2d 364 (1982); Hooper v. Taylor, 230 Ga. App. 128, 495 S.E.2d 594 (1998). When default judgment is set aside by trial court based on finding that the trial court never acquired jurisdiction over Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:35 5-6-34 nonresident defendants but when no dismissal motion has in fact been filed and no dismissal ordered, and there is no compliance with interlocutory appeal procedures, the appeal is premature and must be dismissed. Walton v. Collins, 172 Ga. App. 736, 324 S.E.2d 574 (1984). Grant of an application to compel arbitration is not equitable in nature, but operates merely to stay further proceedings in a pending action when entered by the court in which the action is pending and is incidental to the power inherent in every court to control the disposition of the causes on the court’s docket with economy of time and effort for itself, for counsel, and for litigants. Consequently, the order granting motion to compel arbitration did not constitute an equitable injunction directly appealable pursuant to paragraph (a)(4) of O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34, but resolves an interlocutory matter reviewable pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. McAllister v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., 212 Ga. App. 697, 443 S.E.2d 9 (1994). Grant of an application to compel arbitration is not directly appealable pursuant to paragraph (a)(4) of O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34, but is instead an interlocutory matter reviewable pursuant to subsection (b) which requires obtaining a certificate of immediate review from the trial court. Pace Constr. Corp. v. Northpark Assocs., 215 Ga. App. 438, 450 S.E.2d 828 (1994); Goshayeshi v. Mehrabian, 232 Ga. App. 81, 501 S.E.2d 265 (1998). Superior court’s order dismissing an action by homeowners for the appointment of an arbitrator and referring the parties to arbitration before an entity specified in the homeowners’ arbitration agreement with the homeowners’ builders was a final order dismissing the original action in the action’s entirety, and the case was no longer pending in the superior court. Therefore, the judgment was directly appealable under O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34(a)(1). Torres v. Piedmont Builders, Inc., 300 Ga. App. 872, 686 S.E.2d 464 (2009). Appeal from mandamus directly appealable. — Court order requiring a county to approve a landfill did not involve zoning, but the county’s decision under O.C.G.A. § 12-8-25 to prevent a landfill 532 Page: 533 Job Path: @psc3912/cville_data1/stcodes/ga/lexis/ep_rv_04_txt 0000 41826-12 5-6-34 Date: 06/14/13 Time: 12:43:35 GA RV 13 RV 4(T4-6) - EP CERTIORARI AND APPEALS TO APPELLATE COURTS close to its border, and an appeal from the order was considered an appeal from the grant of a writ of mandamus, which is a direct appeal. Long v. FSL Corp., 268 Ga. 479, 490 S.E.2d 102 (1997). Denial of motion for acquittal based on § 17-7-170 appealable. — Although not technically a final judgment, the denial of a motion to dismiss (more properly, a motion for acquittal) based upon O.C.G.A. § 17-7-170 is directly appealable under subsection (a) of O.C.G.A. § 5-6-34. Cook v.