Conviction Only by Verdict, Finding or Plea

No person may be convicted of an offense except by verdict of a jury, accepted and recorded by the court, by a finding of the court in a case where a jury has been waived or is not required or by a plea of guilty or nolo contendere. COMMENT: § 1.19 is comparable to California Penal Code § 689. Compare former § 689 which failed to refer to a jury verdict and contained an obsolete reference to a judgment upon a demurrer.