Title BC, Business and Commerce Code

Sec. 17.29. MISUSING CONTAINER; EVIDENCE OF MISUSE AND CONTAINER'S OWNERSHIP. (a) In this section, unless the context requires a different definition, "container" also includes drink-dispensing fountain. (b) Unless the owner of a reusable container bearing a proprietary mark (or …

Sec. 17.30. MISUSING DAIRY CONTAINER BEARING PROPRIETARY MARK. (a) In this section, unless the context requires a different definition, "dairy container" includes butter box, ice cream can, ice cream tub, milk bottle, milk bottle case, milk can, and milk jar. (b) Without the owne…

Sec. 17.31. IDENTIFICATION, POSSESSION, AND USE OF CERTAIN CONTAINERS. (a) In this section: (1) "Bakery basket or tray" means a wire or plastic container that holds bread or other baked goods and is used by a distributor or retailer or an agent of a distributor or retailer to tra…

Sec. 17.41. SHORT TITLE. This subchapter may be cited as the Deceptive Trade Practices-Consumer Protection Act. Added by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 322, ch. 143, Sec. 1, eff. May 21, 1973.

Sec. 17.42. WAIVERS: PUBLIC POLICY. (a) Any waiver by a consumer of the provisions of this subchapter is contrary to public policy and is unenforceable and void; provided, however, that a waiver is valid and enforceable if: (1) the waiver is in writing and is signed by the consum…

Sec. 17.43. CUMULATIVE REMEDIES. The provisions of this subchapter are not exclusive. The remedies provided in this subchapter are in addition to any other procedures or remedies provided for in any other law; provided, however, that no recovery shall be permitted under both this…

Sec. 17.44. CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION. (a) This subchapter shall be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes, which are to protect consumers against false, misleading, and deceptive business practices, unconscionable actions, and breaches of warranty …

Sec. 17.45. DEFINITIONS. As used in this subchapter: (1) "Goods" means tangible chattels or real property purchased or leased for use. (2) "Services" means work, labor, or service purchased or leased for use, including services furnished in connection with the sale or repair of g…

Sec. 17.46. DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES UNLAWFUL. (a) False, misleading, or deceptive acts or practices in the conduct of any trade or commerce are hereby declared unlawful and are subject to action by the consumer protection division under Sections 17.47, 17.58, 17.60, and 17.61 o…

Sec. 17.461. PYRAMID PROMOTIONAL SCHEME. (a) In this section: (1) "Compensation" means payment of money, a financial benefit, or another thing of value. The term does not include payment based on sale of a product to a person, including a participant, who purchases the product fo…

Sec. 17.462. LISTING OF BUSINESS LOCATION OF CERTAIN BUSINESSES. (a) A person may not misrepresent the geographical location of a business that derives 50 percent or more of its gross income from the sale or arranging for the sale of flowers or floral arrangements in the listing …

Sec. 17.4625. PRICE GOUGING DURING DECLARED DISASTER. (a) In this section, "designated disaster period" means the period: (1) beginning on the earliest of: (A) the date the disaster occurs; or (B) the date of: (i) the proclamation or executive order of the governor declaring the …

Sec. 17.463. PRODUCTION, SALE, DISTRIBUTION, OR PROMOTION OF CERTAIN SYNTHETIC SUBSTANCES. (a) This section applies only to an act described by Section 17.46(b)(31). (b) Subject to Subsection (e) and except as otherwise provided by this section, an act to which this section appli…

Sec. 17.464. UNCONSCIONABLE PRICE FOR CARE AT EMERGENCY FACILITY. (a) In this section: (1) "Emergency care" means health care services provided in an emergency facility to evaluate and stabilize medical conditions of a recent onset and severity, including severe pain, that would …

Sec. 17.47. RESTRAINING ORDERS. (a) Whenever the consumer protection division has reason to believe that any person is engaging in, has engaged in, or is about to engage in any act or practice declared to be unlawful by this subchapter, and that proceedings would be in the public…

Sec. 17.48. DUTY OF DISTRICT AND COUNTY ATTORNEY. (a) It is the duty of the district and county attorneys to lend to the consumer protection division any assistance requested in the commencement and prosecutions of action under this subchapter. (b) A district or county attorney, …

Sec. 17.49. EXEMPTIONS. (a) Nothing in this subchapter shall apply to the owner or employees of a regularly published newspaper, magazine, or telephone directory, or broadcast station, or billboard, wherein any advertisement in violation of this subchapter is published or dissemi…

Sec. 17.50. RELIEF FOR CONSUMERS. (a) A consumer may maintain an action where any of the following constitute a producing cause of economic damages or damages for mental anguish: (1) the use or employment by any person of a false, misleading, or deceptive act or practice that is:…

Sec. 17.501. CONSUMER PROTECTION DIVISION PARTICIPATION IN CLASS ACTION. (a) A consumer filing an action under Section 17.50 that is to be maintained as a class action shall send to the consumer protection division: (1) a copy of the notice required by Section 17.505(a), by regis…

Sec. 17.505. NOTICE; INSPECTION. (a) As a prerequisite to filing a suit seeking damages under Subdivision (1) of Subsection (b) of Section 17.50 of this subchapter against any person, a consumer shall give written notice to the person at least 60 days before filing the suit advis…

Sec. 17.5051. MEDIATION. (a) A party may, not later than the 90th day after the date of service of a pleading in which relief under this subchapter is sought, file a motion to compel mediation of the dispute in the manner provided by this section. (b) The court shall, not later t…

Sec. 17.5052. OFFERS OF SETTLEMENT. (a) A person who receives notice under Section 17.505 may tender an offer of settlement at any time during the period beginning on the date the notice is received and ending on the 60th day after that date. (b) If a mediation under Section 17.5…

Sec. 17.506. DAMAGES: DEFENSES. (a) In an action brought under Section 17.50 of this subchapter, it is a defense to the award of any damages or attorneys' fees if the defendant proves that before consummation of the transaction he gave reasonable and timely written notice to the …

Sec. 17.55. PROMOTIONAL MATERIAL. If damages or civil penalties are assessed against the seller of goods or services for advertisements or promotional material in a suit filed under Section 17.47, 17.48, 17.50, or 17.51 of this subchapter, the seller of the goods or services has …

Sec. 17.555. INDEMNITY. A person against whom an action has been brought under this subchapter may seek contribution or indemnity from one who, under the statute law or at common law, may have liability for the damaging event of which the consumer complains. A person seeking inde…

Sec. 17.56. VENUE. An action brought under this subchapter may be brought: (1) in any county in which venue is proper under Chapter 15, Civil Practice and Remedies Code; or (2) in a county in which the defendant or an authorized agent of the defendant solicited the transaction ma…

Sec. 17.565. LIMITATION. All actions brought under this subchapter must be commenced within two years after the date on which the false, misleading, or deceptive act or practice occurred or within two years after the consumer discovered or in the exercise of reasonable diligence …

Sec. 17.57. SUBPOENAS. The clerk of a district court at the request of any party to a suit pending in his court which is brought under this subchapter shall issue a subpoena for any witness or witnesses who may be represented to reside within 100 miles of the courthouse of the co…

Sec. 17.58. VOLUNTARY COMPLIANCE. (a) In the administration of this subchapter the consumer protection division may accept assurance of voluntary compliance with respect to any act or practice which violates this subchapter from any person who is engaging in, has engaged in, or i…

Sec. 17.59. POST JUDGMENT RELIEF. (a) If a money judgment entered under this subchapter is unsatisfied 30 days after it becomes final and if the prevailing party has made a good faith attempt to obtain satisfaction of the judgment, the following presumptions exist with respect to…

Sec. 17.60. REPORTS AND EXAMINATIONS. Whenever the consumer protection division has reason to believe that a person is engaging in, has engaged in, or is about to engage in any act or practice declared to be unlawful by this subchapter, or when it reasonably believes it to be in …

Sec. 17.61. CIVIL INVESTIGATIVE DEMAND. (a) Whenever the consumer protection division believes that any person may be in possession, custody, or control of the original copy of any documentary material relevant to the subject matter of an investigation of a possible violation of …

Sec. 17.62. PENALTIES. (a) Any person who, with intent to avoid, evade, or prevent compliance, in whole or in part, with Section 17.60 or 17.61 of this subchapter, removes from any place, conceals, withholds, or destroys, mutilates, alters, or by any other means falsifies any doc…

Sec. 17.63. APPLICATION. The provisions of this subchapter apply only to acts or practices occurring after the effective date of this subchapter, except a right of action or power granted to the attorney general under Chapter 10, Title 79, Revised Civil Statutes of Texas, 1925, a…

Sec. 17.81. DEFINITION. In this chapter "going out of business sale" means an offer to sell to the public, or the sale to the public of, goods, wares, and merchandise on the implied or direct representation by written or oral advertising that the sale is in anticipation of the te…

Sec. 17.82. PROHIBITED CONDUCT. (a) A person may not conduct a sale advertised with the phrase "going out of business," "closing out," "shutting doors forever," or "bankruptcy sale"; the word "foreclosure" or "bankruptcy"; or a similar phrase or word indicating that an enterprise…

Sec. 17.821. DEFINITIONS. In this chapter: (1) "Kosher food" means food prepared and served in conformity with orthodox Jewish religious requirements. (2) "Label" means a display of written, printed, or graphic matter on the immediate article or container of any food product. (3)…

Sec. 17.822. MEAT LABELING. (a) If a person sells both kosher meat and nonkosher meat in the same retail store, the person shall clearly label each portion of kosher meat with the word "kosher." If unwrapped or unpackaged meat products are displayed for sale, the display case or …

Sec. 17.823. SALE OF NONKOSHER FOOD. A person commits an offense if the person knowingly or intentionally sells at a restaurant or a retail store a food product that is represented as kosher food and is not kosher food and the person either knows the food is not kosher food or wa…

Sec. 17.824. EXCEPTION. It is an exception to the application of Subsection (b) of Section 17.822 or Section 17.823 of this code that a person describes or labels food as "kosher-style," and, if the description is written, the words "kosher" and "style" are of the same size type …

Sec. 17.825. CIVIL REMEDY. A consumer aggrieved by a violation of this chapter may maintain a cause of action for damages in accordance with Section 17.50 of this code. Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 117, Sec. 8(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1985.

Sec. 17.826. PENALTY. An offense under this chapter is punishable by the fine imposed for an offense under Subsection (d) of Section 17.12 of this code. Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 117, Sec. 8(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1985. SUBCHAPTER H. SALE OF INDIAN ARTICLES

Sec. 17.83. ORIGINAL INVENTORY. (a) To conduct a going out of business sale, a person must file an original inventory with the chief appraiser of the appraisal district in which the person's principal place of business in the state is located. The original inventory must be accom…

Sec. 17.835. NOTICE OF FILING OF ORIGINAL INVENTORY. Not later than the fifth business day after the date on which a person files an original inventory under Section 17.83, the chief appraiser shall send notice of the filing to the comptroller, the county clerk of the county in w…

Sec. 17.84. PERMIT. (a) After receiving an original inventory, the chief appraiser shall issue to the applicant a permit for a going out of business sale. The permit is valid for 120 days after the day that it is issued and is not renewable. (b) The permit holder must post the pe…

Sec. 17.85. DEADLINE FOR ORDERS. A person may not sell an item at a going out of business sale if the person ordered the item after the beginning date of the sale. Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 172, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.