Title 38 — Title 38 MILITIA AND MILITARY AFFAIRS

A military court may punish for contempt any person who uses any menacing word, sign, or gesture in its presence, or who disturbs its proceedings by any riot or disorder. The punishment may not exceed confinement for thirty days or a fine of one hundred dollars, or both.[ 1963 c …

(1) At any time after charges have been signed, as provided in RCW 38.38.308, any party may take oral or written depositions unless a military judge or court-martial without a military judge hearing the case, or if the case is not being heard, an authority competent to convene a …

(1) In any case not extending to the dismissal of a commissioned officer, the sworn testimony, contained in the duly authenticated record of proceedings of a court of inquiry, of a person whose oral testimony cannot be obtained, may, if otherwise admissible under the rules of evi…

(1) Voting by members of a general or special court-martial on the findings and on the sentence, and by members of a court-martial without a military judge upon questions of challenge, shall be by secret written ballot. The junior member of the court shall count the votes. The co…

(1) No person may be convicted of an offense, except as provided in RCW 38.38.404(2) or by the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at the time the vote is taken.(2) All sentences shall be determined by the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present at the time …

A court-martial shall announce its findings and sentence to the parties as soon as determined.[ 1963 c 220 s 55.]

(1) Each general court-martial shall keep a separate record of the proceedings in each case brought before it, and the record shall be authenticated by the signature of the military judge. If the record cannot be authenticated by the military judge by reason of death, disability,…

Punishment by flogging, or by branding, marking or tattooing on the body, or any other cruel or unusual punishment, may not be adjudged by any court-martial or inflicted upon any person subject to this code. The use of irons, single or double, except for the purpose of safe custo…

(1) The punishment which a court-martial may direct for an offense may not exceed limits prescribed by this code.(2) Unless otherwise provided in regulations to be prescribed by the governor, a court-martial sentence of an enlisted member in a pay grade above E-1, as approved by …

(1) No forfeiture may extend to any pay or allowances accrued before the date on which the sentence is approved by the person acting under RCW 38.38.536.(2) Any period of confinement included in a sentence of a court-martial begins to run from the date the sentence is ordered to …

(1) A sentence of confinement adjudged by a military court, whether or not the sentence includes discharge or dismissal, and whether or not the discharge or dismissal has been executed, may be carried into execution by confinement in any place of confinement under the control of …

Except as provided in RCW 38.38.196 and 38.38.556, a court-martial sentence, unless suspended, may be ordered executed by the convening authority when approved by him or her. The convening authority shall approve the sentence or such part, amount, or commuted form of the sentence…

After a trial by court-martial the record shall be forwarded to the convening authority, as reviewing authority, and action thereon may be taken by the person who convened the court, a commissioned officer commanding for the time being, a successor in command, or by the governor.…

The convening authority shall refer the record of each general court-martial to the staff judge advocate, who shall submit a written opinion thereon to the convening authority. If the final action of the court has resulted in an acquittal of all charges and specifications, the op…

(1) If a specification before a court-martial has been dismissed on motion and the ruling does not amount to a finding of not guilty, the convening authority may return the record to the court for reconsideration of the ruling and any further appropriate action.(2) Where there is…

(1) If the convening authority disapproves the findings and sentence of a court-martial he or she may, except where there is lack of sufficient evidence in the record to support the findings, order a rehearing. In such a case he or she shall state the reasons for disapproval. If …

In acting on the findings and sentence of a court-martial, the convening authority may approve only such findings of guilty, and the sentence or such part or amount of the sentence, as he or she finds correct in law and fact and as he or she in his or her discretion determines sh…

(1) If the convening authority is the governor, the governor's action on the review of any record of trial is final.(2) In all other cases not covered by subsection (1) of this section, if the sentence of a special court-martial as approved by the convening authority includes a d…

(1) A finding or sentence of a court-martial may not be held incorrect on the ground of an error of law unless the error materially prejudices the substantial rights of the accused.(2) Any reviewing authority with the power to approve or affirm a finding of guilty may approve or …

(1) Upon the final review of a sentence of a general court-martial, the accused has the right to be represented by counsel before the reviewing authority, before the staff judge advocate, and before the state judge advocate.(2) Upon the request of an accused entitled to be so rep…

(1) Before the vacation of the suspension of a special court-martial sentence, or of any general court-martial sentence, the officer having special court-martial jurisdiction over the probationer shall hold a hearing on the alleged violation of probation. The probationer shall be…

At any time within two years after approval by the convening authority of a court-martial sentence which extends to dismissal or dishonorable discharge, the accused may petition the governor for a new trial on ground of newly discovered evidence or fraud on the court-martial.[ 19…

(1) A convening authority may remit or suspend any part or amount of the unexecuted part of any sentence, including all uncollected forfeitures.(2) The governor may, for good cause, substitute an administrative form of discharge for a discharge or dismissal executed in accordance…

(1) Under such regulations as the governor may prescribe, all rights, privileges, and property affected by an executed part of a court-martial sentence which has been set aside or disapproved, except an executed dismissal or discharge, shall be restored unless a new trial or rehe…

The proceedings, findings and sentences of courts-martial as reviewed and approved, as required by this code, and all dismissals and discharges carried into execution under sentences by courts-martial following review and approval, as required by this code, are final and conclusi…

No person may be tried or punished for any offense provided for in RCW 38.38.628 through 38.38.800, unless he or she was a member of the organized militia at the time of the offense.[ 2009 c 378 s 22; 1963 c 220 s 75.]

Any person subject to this code who:(1) Commits an offense punishable by this code, or aids, abets, counsels, commands, or procures its commission; or(2) Causes an act to be done which if directly performed by him or her would be punishable by this code;is a principal.[ 2011 c 33…

Any person subject to this code who, knowing that an offense punishable by this code has been committed, receives, comforts, or assists the offender in order to hinder or prevent his or her apprehension, trial, or punishment shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.[ 2011 …

An accused may be found guilty of an offense necessarily included in the offense charged or of an attempt to commit either the offense charged or an offense necessarily included therein.[ 1963 c 220 s 78.]

(1) An act, done with specific intent to commit an offense under this code, amounting to more than mere preparation and tending, even though failing to effect its commission, is an attempt to commit that offense.(2) Any person subject to this code who attempts to commit any offen…

Any person subject to this code who conspires with any other person to commit an offense under this code shall, if one or more of the conspirators does an act to effect the object of the conspiracy, be punished as a court-martial may direct.[ 1963 c 220 s 80.]

(1) Any person subject to this code who solicits or advises another or others to desert in violation of RCW 38.38.660 or mutiny in violation of RCW 38.38.696 shall, if the offense solicited or advised is attempted or committed, be punished with the punishment provided for the com…

Any person who:(1) Procures his or her own enlistment or appointment in the organized militia by knowingly false representation or deliberate concealment as to qualifications for that enlistment or appointment and receives pay or allowances thereunder; or(2) Procures his or her o…

Any person subject to this code who effects an enlistment or appointment in or a separation from the organized militia of any person who is known to the person to be ineligible for that enlistment, appointment, or separation because it is prohibited by law, regulation, or order s…

(1) Any member of the organized militia who:(a) Without authority goes or remains absent from the member's unit, organization, or place of duty with intent to remain away therefrom permanently;(b) Quits the member's unit, organization or place of duty with intent to avoid hazardo…

Any person subject to this code who, without authority:(1) Fails to go to his or her appointed place of duty at the time prescribed;(2) Goes from that place; or(3) Absents himself or herself or remains absent from his or her unit, organization, or place of duty at which he or she…

Any person subject to this code who through neglect or design misses the movement of a ship, aircraft, or unit with which he or she is required in the course of duty to move shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.[ 2011 c 336 s 778; 1963 c 220 s 86.]

Any person subject to this code who uses contemptuous words against the president, the governor, or the governor of any other state, territory, commonwealth, or possession in which that person may be serving, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.[ 1963 c 220 s 87.]

Any person subject to this code who behaves with disrespect towards his or her superior commissioned officer shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.[ 2011 c 336 s 779; 1963 c 220 s 88.]

Any person subject to this code who:(1) Strikes his or her superior commissioned officer or draws or lifts up any weapon or offers any violence against him or her while he or she is in the execution of his or her office; or(2) Willfully disobeys a lawful command of his or her sup…

Any warrant officer or enlisted member who:(1) Strikes or assaults a warrant officer or noncommissioned officer while that officer is in the execution of the officer's office;(2) Wilfully disobeys the lawful order of a warrant officer or noncommissioned officer; or(3) Treats with…

Any person subject to this code who:(1) Violates or fails to obey any lawful general order or regulation;(2) Having knowledge of any other lawful order issued by a member of the organized militia which it is the person's duty to obey, fails to obey the order; or(3) Is derelict in…

Any person subject to this code who is guilty of cruelty toward, or oppression or maltreatment of, any person subject to his or her orders shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.[ 2011 c 336 s 781; 1963 c 220 s 92.]

(1) Any person subject to this code who:(a) With intent to usurp or override lawful military authority refuses, in concert with any other person, to obey orders or otherwise do his or her duty or creates any violence or disturbance is guilty of mutiny;(b) With intent to cause the…

Any person subject to this code who resists apprehension or breaks arrest or who escapes from physical restraint lawfully imposed shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.[ 1963 c 220 s 94.]

Any person subject to this code who, without proper authority, releases any prisoner committed to his or her charge, or who through neglect or design suffers any such prisoner to escape, shall be punished as a court-martial may direct, whether or not the prisoner was committed in…

Any person subject to this code who, except as provided by law or regulation, apprehends, arrests, or confines any person shall be punished as a court-martial may direct.[ 1963 c 220 s 96.]

Any person subject to this code who:(1) Is responsible for unnecessary delay in the disposition of any case of a person accused of an offense under this code; or(2) Knowingly and intentionally fails to enforce or comply with any provision of this code regulating the proceedings b…

Any person subject to this code who before or in the presence of the enemy:(1) Runs away;(2) Shamefully abandons, surrenders, or delivers up any command, unit, place, or military property which it is the person's duty to defend;(3) Through disobedience, neglect, or intentional mi…

Any person subject to this code who compels or attempts to compel the commander of any of the organized militia of the state, or of any other state, to give it up to an enemy or to abandon it, or who strikes the colors or flag to an enemy without proper authority, shall be punish…