Title 23B — Title 23B WASHINGTON BUSINESS CORPORATION ACT

(1) Unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise, a corporation may issue rights, options, or warrants for the purchase of shares or other securities of the corporation. The board of directors must determine the terms and conditions upon which the rights, options, or wa…

(1) Shares may, but need not, be represented by certificates. Unless this title or another statute expressly provides otherwise, the rights and obligations of shareholders are identical regardless of whether their shares are represented by certificates.(2) At a minimum each share…

(1) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, the board of directors of a corporation may approve the issuance of some or all of the shares of any or all of its classes or series without certificates. The approval does not affect shares already represented…

(1) The articles of incorporation, bylaws, an agreement among shareholders, or an agreement between shareholders and the corporation may impose restrictions on the transfer or registration of transfer of shares of the corporation. A restriction does not affect shares issued befor…

A corporation may pay the expenses of selling or underwriting its shares, and of organizing or reorganizing the corporation, from the consideration received for shares.[ 1989 c 165 s 56.]

(1) The shareholders of a corporation do not have a preemptive right to acquire the corporation's unissued shares except to the extent the articles of incorporation provide otherwise or as set forth in subsection (2) of this section. A statement included in the articles of incorp…

(1) A corporation may acquire its own shares and shares so acquired constitute authorized but unissued shares.(2) If the articles of incorporation prohibit the reissue of acquired shares, the number of authorized shares is reduced by the number of shares acquired, effective upon …

(1) A board of directors may approve and the corporation may make distributions to its shareholders subject to restriction by the articles of incorporation and the limitation in subsection (3) of this section.(2) The board of directors may fix the record date for determining shar…

(1) A corporation may effect a stock split by means of an amendment to the articles of incorporation stating the effect of the stock split on the outstanding shares of the affected class.(2) An amendment to the articles of incorporation to effect a stock split may, but is not req…

(1) Except as provided in subsections (2) and (6) of this section, a corporation shall hold a meeting of shareholders annually for the election of directors at a time stated in or fixed in accordance with the bylaws.(2)(a) If the articles of incorporation or the bylaws of a corpo…

(1) A corporation shall hold a special meeting of shareholders:(a) On call of its board of directors or the person or persons authorized to do so by the articles of incorporation or bylaws; or(b) Except as set forth in subsections (2) and (3) of this section, if shareholders hold…

(1) The superior court of the county in which the corporation's registered office is located may, after notice to the corporation, summarily order a meeting to be held:(a) On application of any shareholder of the corporation entitled to vote in the election of directors at an ann…

(1) A corporation having any shares listed on a national securities exchange or regularly traded in a market maintained by one or more members of a national or affiliated securities association shall, and any other corporation may, appoint one or more inspectors to act at a meeti…

(1)(a) Corporate action required or permitted by this title to be approved by a shareholder vote at a meeting may be approved without a meeting or a vote if either:(i) The corporate action is approved by all shareholders entitled to vote on the corporate action; or(ii) The corpor…

(1) A corporation shall notify shareholders of the date, time, and place of each annual and special shareholders' meeting. Such notice shall be given no fewer than ten nor more than sixty days before the meeting date, except that notice of a shareholders' meeting to act on an ame…

(1) A shareholder may waive any notice required by this title, the articles of incorporation, or bylaws before or after the date and time stated in the notice, or in the case of notice required by RCW 23B.07.040(3), before or after the corporate action to be approved by written c…

(1) The bylaws may fix or provide the manner of fixing the record date for one or more voting groups in order to determine the shareholders entitled to notice of a shareholders' meeting, to demand a special meeting, to vote, or to approve any other corporate action. If the bylaws…

(1) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, a corporation may permit any or all shareholders to participate in any meeting of shareholders by means of, or conduct the meeting solely through the use of, remote communication. Subject to the provisions of s…

(1) After fixing a record date for a meeting, a corporation shall prepare an alphabetical list of the names of all its shareholders on the record date who are entitled to notice of a shareholders' meeting. The list must be arranged by voting group, and within each voting group by…

(1) Except as provided in subsections (2) and (3) of this section or unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise, each outstanding share, regardless of class or series, is entitled to one vote on each matter voted on at a shareholders' meeting. Only shares are entitled…

(1) A shareholder may vote the shareholder's shares in person or by proxy.(2) A shareholder or the shareholder's agent or attorney-in-fact may appoint a proxy to vote or otherwise act for the shareholder by executing an appointment form, or by an electronic transmission. An elect…

(1) A corporation may establish a procedure by which the beneficial owner of shares that are registered in the name of a nominee is recognized by the corporation as the shareholder. The extent of this recognition may be determined in the procedure.(2) The procedure may set forth:…

(1) If the name executed on a vote, ballot, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment corresponds to the name of a shareholder, the corporation, if acting in good faith, is entitled to accept the vote, ballot, consent, waiver, or proxy appointment and give it effect as the act of the…

(1) Shares entitled to vote as a separate voting group may approve a corporate action at a meeting only if a quorum of those shares exists with respect to that corporate action. Unless the articles of incorporation or this title provide otherwise, a majority of the votes entitled…

(1) If the articles of incorporation or this title provide for voting on a corporate action by all shares entitled to vote thereon, voting together as a single voting group and do not provide for separate voting by any other voting group or groups with respect to that corporate a…

An amendment to the articles of incorporation that adds, changes, or deletes a quorum or voting requirement must meet the same quorum requirement and be approved by the same vote and voting groups required to take action under the quorum and voting requirements then in effect or …

(1) Shareholders do not have a right to cumulate their votes for directors unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise or as set forth in subsection (2) of this section. A statement included in the articles of incorporation that "[all] [a designated voting group of] sh…

(1) One or more shareholders may create a voting trust, conferring on a trustee the right to vote or otherwise act for them, by executing an agreement setting out the provisions of the trust, which may include anything consistent with its purpose, and transferring their shares to…

(1) Two or more shareholders may provide for the manner in which they will vote their shares by executing an agreement for that purpose. A voting agreement created under this section is not subject to the provisions of RCW 23B.07.300.(2) A voting agreement created under this sect…

(1) An agreement among the shareholders of a corporation that is not contrary to public policy and that complies with this section is effective among the shareholders and the corporation even though it is inconsistent with one or more other provisions of this title in that it:(a)…

(1) A person may not commence a proceeding in the right of a domestic or foreign corporation unless the person was a shareholder of the corporation when the transaction complained of occurred or unless the person became a shareholder through transfer by operation of law from one …

(1) Each corporation must have a board of directors, except that a corporation may dispense with or limit the authority of its board of directors by describing in its articles of incorporation, or in a shareholders' agreement authorized by RCW 23B.07.320, who will perform some or…

The articles of incorporation or bylaws may prescribe qualifications for directors. A director need not be a resident of this state or a shareholder of the corporation unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws so prescribe.[ 1989 c 165 s 81.]

(1) A board of directors must consist of one or more individuals.(2) Unless the articles of incorporation under RCW 23B.08.010 or an agreement among the shareholders under RCW 23B.07.320 dispense with a board of directors, the articles of incorporation or bylaws must either speci…

If the articles of incorporation authorize dividing the shares into classes or series, the articles may also authorize the election of all or a specified number of directors by the holders of one or more authorized classes or series of shares. A class, or classes, or series of sh…

(1) The terms of the initial directors of a corporation expire at the first shareholders' meeting at which directors are elected.(2) The terms of all other directors expire at the next annual shareholders' meeting following their election unless (a) their terms are staggered unde…

(1) The articles of incorporation may provide for staggering the terms of directors by dividing the total number of directors into two or three groups, with each group containing one-half or one-third of the total, as near as may be. In that event, the terms of directors in the f…

(1) A director may resign at any time by delivering a written notice of resignation to the board of directors, its chairperson, the president, or the secretary of the corporation.(2) A resignation is effective as provided in RCW 23B.01.410(9) unless the notice provides for a dela…

(1) The shareholders may remove one or more directors with or without cause unless the articles of incorporation provide that directors may be removed only for cause.(2) If a director is elected by holders of one or more authorized classes or series of shares, only the holders of…

(1) The superior court of the county where a corporation's principal office, or, if none in this state, its registered office, is located may remove a director of the corporation from office in a proceeding commenced either by the corporation or by its shareholders holding at lea…

(1) Unless the articles of incorporation provide otherwise, if a vacancy occurs on a board of directors, including a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors:(a) The shareholders may fill the vacancy;(b) The board of directors may fill the vacancy; or(c) If t…

Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, the board of directors may fix the compensation of directors.[ 1989 c 165 s 90.]

(1) Beginning no later than January 1, 2022, each public company must have a gender-diverse board of directors or that public company must comply with the requirements in subsection (2) of this section. For purposes of this section, a public company is deemed to have a gender-div…

(1) The board of directors may hold regular or special meetings in or out of this state.(2) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, any or all directors may participate in a regular or special meeting by, or conduct the meeting through the use of, any me…

(1) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, corporate action required or permitted by this title to be approved at a board of directors' meeting may be approved without a meeting if the corporate action is approved by all members of the board. The approv…

(1) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide otherwise, regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without notice of the date, time, place, or purpose of the meeting.(2) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide for a longer or shorter perio…

(1) A director may waive any notice required by this title, the articles of incorporation, or bylaws before or after the date and time stated in the notice, and such waiver shall be equivalent to the giving of such notice. Except as provided by subsection (2) of this section, the…

(1) Unless the articles of incorporation or bylaws provide for a greater or lesser number or unless otherwise expressly provided in this title, a quorum of a board of directors consists of a majority of the number of directors specified in or fixed in accordance with the articles…

A corporation may agree to submit a corporate action to a vote of its shareholders whether or not the board of directors determines at any time subsequent to approving such a corporate action that it no longer recommends the corporate action.[ 2011 c 328 s 4.]

(1) Unless this title, the articles of incorporation, or the bylaws provide otherwise, a board of directors may establish one or more board committees composed exclusively of one or more directors to perform functions of the board of directors.(2) The establishment of a board com…