Chapter 44, Chapter 44

A person appointed to be the executor of a will shall not have the powers of executor until he or she qualifies by taking an oath and giving bond, unless not required to post bond by §44-1-8 of this code, which shall then be admitted to the records of the clerk of the county in w…

(a) This article may be cited as the West Virginia Small Estate Act. (b) For the purposes of this article, the following definitions apply: (1) “Authorized successor” means the successor of a decedent who files an affidavit and is certified and authorized by the clerk of the coun…

Where an unmarried woman who is personal representative, either alone or jointly with another, shall marry, her husband shall not be a personal representative in her right, and such marriage shall not operate as an extinguishment of her authority.

If at any time two months elapse without there being an executor or administrator of the estate of a decedent (except during a contest about the decedent’s will, or during the infancy or absence of the executor), the court or clerk before whom the will was admitted to probate, or…

A copy of the order whereby certificate is granted to any personal representative for obtaining probate or letters of administration, shall be as effectual as the probate or letters made out in due form. Nevertheless, the clerk of the court, in which such order is made, shall, wh…

At the time of the qualification of an executor or administrator, the court or clerk before whom he qualifies shall require such executor or administrator to file his own affidavit, or the affidavit of some credible person, showing the names and, as far as possible, the addresses…

(a) The personal representative of an estate of a deceased person shall appraise the deceased's real estate and personal probate property, or any real estate or personal probate property in which the deceased person had an interest at the time of his or her death, as provided in …

(a) Within thirty days of the filing of the appraisement of any estate or within one hundred twenty days of the date of qualification of the personal representative if an appraisement is not filed as required in section fourteen of this article, the clerk of the county commission…

(a) Within 30 days of the filing of a foreign will of a nonresident of this state without appointment of an ancillary personal representative, executor, or administrator as provided in the provisions of §41-5-13(b) of this code or within 30 days of the filing of an affidavit conc…

It shall be the duty of every personal representative to administer well and truly the whole personal estate of his decedent. The appointment of a debtor as executor shall not extinguish the debt.

When the powers of a personal representative have ceased and an administrator de bonis non of the decedent’s estate has been appointed and qualified, it shall be lawful for the personal representative whose powers have ceased, or his personal representative if he shall have died,…

The provisions and fuel (or so much thereof as may be necessary) which, at the death of any person, shall have been laid in for consumption in his family, shall remain for the use of such family, if the same be desired by any member of it, without account thereof being made. Any …

Unless it be necessary for the payment of funeral expenses, charges of administration or debts, the personal representative shall not sell estate which the will directs not to be sold.

Of the goods not mentioned in the preceding section, other than such as are exempt by any provision of law, the personal representative shall, as soon as convenient, sell at public auction such as are likely to be impaired in value by keeping, giving a reasonable credit (except f…

Beginning January 1, 2028, the West Virginia State Bar shall make available on its official website educational materials concerning the administration of wills and estates, covering the duties and responsibilities of executors and administrators, including acting as a fiduciary.…

(a) Notwithstanding any provisions of this code to the contrary, the small estate of a decedent who dies domiciled in this state, without owning any probate real property or without owning any interest in probate real property, may be administered upon affidavit and without the a…

If there be no executor appointed by the will, or if all the executors therein named refuse the executorship, or fail when required to give such bond, which shall amount to such refusal, or have died, such court, or clerk thereof during the recess of the regular sessions of such …

If the goods so sold be not sufficient to pay the funeral expenses, charges of administration, debts and legacies, the personal representative shall sell so much of the other goods and chattels as may be necessary to pay the same, having regard to the privilege of specific legaci…

Any estate for the life of another shall go to the personal representative of the party entitled to the estate, and be assets in his hands, and be applied and distributed as the personal estate of such party.

A personal representative may sue or be sued upon any judgment for or against, or any contract of or with, his decedent.

A civil action may be maintained by or against a personal representative for the taking or carrying away of any goods, or for the waste or destruction of, or damage to, any estate of or by his decedent.

A suit may be maintained against the personal representative of an executor in his own wrong, or the personal representative of a rightful executor or administrator by whom any waste may have been committed.

Where a suit is pending or a judgment or decree has been rendered in this state in favor of a personal representative, upon a contract made or for a cause of action which accrued in the lifetime of the decedent, the administrator de bonis non of such decedent may sue forth a scir…

Where an execution on a judgment or decree against a personal representative is returned without being satisfied, there may be forthwith brought and prosecuted an action against the surety in any bond given by such personal representative for the faithful discharge of his or her …

No personal representative or any surety of his shall be chargeable beyond the assets of the decedent by reason of any omission or mistake in pleading or false pleading of such representative. And in the action allowed by the preceding section the defendants may plead any pleas a…

(a) When the State of West Virginia, any of its political subdivisions, the United States, or any employer owes wages, salary, pension payments, or money allowed for burial expenses to a decedent who died domiciled in this state, upon whose estate there has been no qualification,…

(a) Subject to the requirements and conditions of subsection (b) of this section, a personal representative, trustee, administrator, or executor of a decedent or a decedent’s estate is hereby granted the authority to: (1) Sell a conservation or preservation easement under §8A-12-…

The oath of an executor, or of an administrator with the will annexed, shall be in substantially the following form: The writing admitted to record contains the true last will and testament of the deceased, as far as he or she knows or believes, and that he or she will faithfully…

(a) Any person having possession of a small asset of the decedent shall pay or deliver the small asset to the authorized successor of the decedent upon being presented the certificate and authorization of a small estate of the county clerk or fiduciary supervisor. (b) The authori…

The clerk of the county commission may require a certified copy of a decedents death certificate or other proof of death and residence prior to fulfilling the clerk’s responsibilities under this chapter.

An oath required in this chapter may be taken before any person authorized to administer oaths under the laws of this state or any other state. A bond may be executed, if not in person before the county clerk, before any person authorized to administer oaths under the laws of thi…

(a) Any person paying or delivering a small asset pursuant to the provisions of this article is discharged and released to the same extent as if that person dealt with the personal representative of the decedent. That person is not required to see the application of the small ass…

(a) When a person dies intestate the jurisdiction to hear and determine the right of administration of his or her estate shall be in the county commission or clerk thereof during the recess of the regular sessions of the county commission which would have jurisdiction as to the p…

(a) The remedies provided by this article are in addition to, and not in exclusion of, any other remedies provided by the laws of this state. (b) For any will attached to and tendered with the affidavit provided in this article, the provisions of §41-5-11 of this code apply in li…

The county court, or clerk thereof during the recess of the regular sessions of such court, may appoint a curator of the estate of a decedent, during a contest about his will, or during the infancy or in the absence of an executor, or until administration of the estate be granted…

At the time of the grant of administration upon the estate of any intestate, the person to whom it is granted shall, in the county commission or before the clerk granting it, give bond, unless not required to post bond by §44-1-8 of this code, and take an oath in substantially th…

(a) Every bond required to be given by an executor or administrator shall be in a penalty equal, at the least, to the full value of the personal estate of the deceased to be administered; and where there is a will which authorizes the executor or administrator to sell real estate…

(a) Subject to the provisions of section three, article five of this chapter governing the appointment of a nonresident of this state as an executor, where the will directs that an executor shall not give bond, it shall not be required of him or her, unless at the time the will i…

In any estate in which there is a will, on the death, resignation or removal of the sole surviving executor of any such will or of an administrator with the will annexed, administration of the estate of the testator, not already administered, may be granted with the will annexed;…

(a) Upon the return of the appraisement by the personal representative to the county clerk, the estate of his or her decedent, by order of the county commission, must be referred to a fiduciary commissioner for proof and determination of debts and claims, establishment of their p…

When a creditor against whom the deceased had any claim or claims shall present a claim the personal representative may exhibit any offset, if the same be such as has survived, that he may have to such claim, and the commissioner shall ascertain and allow the balance against or i…

Any heir or devisee entitled to have any lien on the real estate that descended or was devised to him discharged out of the personal estate, or any legatee entitled to have a lien on specific personalty discharged out of the other personalty, may, if the creditor holding any such…

No claim barred by any statute of limitations shall be allowed by a commissioner against the estate of a decedent.

The filing with or presentation to the fiduciary commissioner or to the county clerk of any claim against the estate of a decedent shall, so far as the running of any statute of limitations is involved, have the same effect as the institution of a civil action or suit on such cla…

The fiduciary commissioner may authorize, and the personal representative may make, payment of funeral expenses, claims of physicians and nurses for services rendered during the last illness of the decedent, and accounts of druggists, hospitals and sanitariums for articles furnis…

Nothing in this article contained shall be construed to prevent any personal representative, when he shall think it necessary, from commencing any action or suit against any person, or from prosecuting to final judgment or decree any action or suit commenced by the deceased in hi…

After the completion of the hearings for the presentation of claims and for reception of proof for and against disputed claims, but not later than five months from the qualification of the personal representative, the fiduciary commissioner may, and upon motion of any interested …

(1) For the purposes of this section the term “persons interested in the estate” shall include all persons, firms and corporations who may be entitled to receive or who have received any property or interest which is required to be included in the gross estate of a decedent, or a…

The fiduciary commissioner in his report on claims shall direct the personal representative to withhold from distribution to beneficiaries sufficient assets to take care of such contingent and unliquidated claims and claims not matured as shall be presented to and proved before t…

After preparing a report of claims as hereinafter provided, the fiduciary commissioner shall give notice thereof, either verbally or in writing, delivered personally or by mail, to all parties interested or their attorneys, and hold the report and the evidence taken in connection…