427.105 Remedies.
tomer without disclosing the fact that the customer disputes the debt; (g) Communicate with the customer or a person related to the customer with such frequency or at such unusual hours or in such a manner as can reasonably be expected to threaten or harass the customer; (h) Engage in other conduct which can reasonably be expected to threaten or harass the customer or a person related to the customer; (i) Use obscene or threatening language in communicating with the customer or a person related to the customer; (j) Claim, or attempt or threaten to enforce a right with knowledge or reason to know that the right does not exist; (k) Use a communication which simulates legal or judicial process or which gives the appearance of being authorized, issued or approved by a government, governmental agency or attorney-at-law when it is not; (L) Threaten action against the customer unless like action is taken in regular course or is intended with respect to the particular debt; or (m) Engage in conduct in violation of a rule adopted by the administrator after like conduct has been restrained or enjoined by a court in a civil action by the administrator against any person pursuant to the provisions on injunctions against false, misleading, deceptive or unconscionable agreements or conduct (ss. 426.109 and 426.110). (2) If a debt collector is not otherwise in violation of sub. (1) (j) with respect to a consumer credit transaction with a debtor, it is not a violation of this section to send a billing statement or other notice of account to, or to collect the amount due on the account from, the spouse of that debtor, if notice to the debtor’s spouse is provided under s. 766.56. History: 1971 c. 239; 1975 c. 407; 1983 a. 186; 1991 a. 316; 1997 a. 302. Sixty-nine calls to a debtor over a 19-month period was not harassment. Associates Financial Services Co. of Wisconsin v. Hornik, 114 Wis. 2d 163, 336 N.W.2d 395 (Ct. App. 1983). A circuit court is competent to hear state consumer act claims based upon a creditor’s violation of federal bankruptcy debt collection prohibitions. Gonzales v. AM Community Credit Union, 150 Wis. 2d 773, 442 N.W.2d 536 (Ct. App. 1989). A replevin action is an attempt to collect a debt under this section. Kett v. Community Credit Plan, Inc., 228 Wis. 2d 1, 596 N.W.2d 786 (1999), 97-3620. Sub. (1) (f) requires a bank that discloses a disputed debt to a credit bureau to disclose the disputed status of the debt each time that the debt is reported and not just the first time. Turner v. Gene Dencker Buick-Pontiac, Inc., 2001 WI App 28, 240 Wis. 2d 385, 623 N.W.2d 151, 99-3174. When the parties’ contract plainly required the defendant to obtain a replevin judgment before repossessing a car, and it was undisputed that the defendant did not obtain that judgment, the defendant violated sub. (1) (j) by filing a deficiency action because it knew or had reason to know that it had no right to the deficiency. Kirk v. Credit Acceptance Corp., 2013 WI App 32, 346 Wis. 2d 635, 829 N.W.2d 522, 102573. A creditor’s failure to provide a notice of right to cure default under ch. 425 does not constitute a sufficient basis for relief under this chapter. Security Finance v. Kirsch, 2019 WI 42, 386 Wis. 2d 388, 926 N.W.2d 167, 17-1408. In this case, the residential lease included an agreement to defer payment for the purposes of sub. (1) because the lease created a tenancy for a period of 12 months during which the tenant was required to pay monthly rent, even if the tenant vacated the premises before the lease ended. The landlord acted as a “debt collector,” as defined in s. 427.103 (3), and violated sub. (1) (j) when the landlord served an eviction notice on the tenant during a declared eviction moratorium. Koble Investments v. Marquardt, 2024 WI App 26, 412 Wis. 2d 1, 7 N.W.3d 915, 22-0182. Police agencies and district attorneys are not prohibited by sub. (1) (b) from sending letters threatening criminal prosecution to persons who have issued worthless checks. 63 Atty. Gen. 340. To state a claim under either the federal Fair Debt Collection Practices Act or the
May 22, 2026, are designated by NOTES. (Published 5-22-26)
427.104
WCA — DEBT COLLECTION
Wisconsin Consumer Act, a plaintiff must demonstrate that the debt in question arises out of a transaction incurred for personal, family, or household purposes. When a plaintiff maintains that the underlying debt was not the plaintiff’s, the plaintiff can nonetheless claim protection by showing that the debt collector treated the plaintiff as a consumer allegedly owing a consumer debt. However, a plaintiff proceeding under this theory still must offer evidence to establish that the debt was a consumer debt: in other words, that the debt was incurred for personal, family, or household purposes. Burton v. Kohn Law Firm, S.C., 934 F.3d 572 (2019). The defendant violated sub. (1) (j) when it attempted to collect debts under a false name. Hartman v. Meridian Financial Services, Inc., 191 F. Supp. 2d 1031 (2002). Serving a garnishment form on the wrong person cannot reasonably be construed as a violation of sub. (1) (j). Whitehead v. Discover Bank, 221 F. Supp. 3d 1055 (2016).
427.105 Remedies. (1) A person injured by violation of this chapter may recover actual damages and the penalty provided in s. 425.304; but notwithstanding any other law actual damages shall include damages caused by emotional distress or mental an-
Updated 23-24 Wis. Stats.
2
guish with or without accompanying physical injury proximately caused by a violation of this chapter. (2) If a customer establishes that the customer was induced to surrender collateral, as defined in s. 425.202 (1), by conduct of the merchant which violates this chapter, the customer shall be entitled to a determination of the right to possession of the collateral pursuant to s. 425.205 (1) (e) in any action brought under this subchapter, and if the customer prevails on such issue, in addition to any other damages under this subchapter, the customer shall be entitled to recover possession of the collateral if still in the merchant’s possession, together with actual damages for the customer’s loss of use of the collateral. History: 1971 c. 239; 1991 a. 316; 2005 a. 255. Sub. (1) does not restrict recovery to persons who are customers under s. 421.301 (17). Zehetner v. Chrysler Financial Co., 2004 WI App 80, 272 Wis. 2d 628, 679 N.W.2d 919, 03-1473.
May 22, 2026, are designated by NOTES. (Published 5-22-26)