CITIC Dameng Mining Industries

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Intelligence

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• Did you know2024

  CITIC Dameng's electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) production feeds two battery supply chains that consumers never associate with each other: (1) electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) for primary alkaline batteries (the AA, AAA, D-cell batteries in household electronics — EMD is the cathode active material in standard alkaline cells, reducing at +1.5V vs. zinc anode); and (2) high-purity manganese sulfate (HPMSM) for lithium-ion NMC and LMFP cathode precursors (the manganese in your EV battery or smartphone battery). The AA battery in your TV remote and the lithium-ion battery in your Tesla both contain manganese from the same Chinese province (Guangxi), processed by companies in the same Chinese EMM industry. China's ~95% global control of EMM production (which feeds both primary battery and lithium battery cathode markets simultaneously) creates a single-country dependency that spans from disposable consumer electronics batteries to EV propulsion batteries — a supply chain concentration that only became visible as LMFP and high-Mn NMC battery chemistries emerged as the preferred lower-cobalt cathode options for mass-market EV applications.

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• Concentration2023

  China produces approximately 93-95% of the world's electrolytic manganese metal (EMM) — nearly all of it from Guangxi, Hunan, and Guizhou provinces — creating a supply chain concentration for manganese that is comparable in severity to China's rare earth concentration but is far less discussed. The US Department of Energy identified manganese as a critical mineral in 2022, partly because the LMFP (lithium manganese iron phosphate) battery chemistry — championed by BYD's Blade Battery and increasingly adopted globally as a lower-cost, lower-cobalt alternative to NMC — requires manganese sulfate in quantities that would be largely sourced from Chinese producers including CITIC Dameng. A trade dispute, export restriction, or production disruption in China's manganese processing belt would simultaneously constrain alkaline battery production (potentially affecting medical devices, smoke detectors, and critical infrastructure backup power that use primary alkaline cells), steel alloy production (ferromanganese is required for all structural and automotive steel), and EV/storage battery production (LMFP cathode manganese demand is growing rapidly). CITIC Dameng's HKEX listing provides partial financial transparency into this supply chain, but its ultimate CITIC Group/CCP parentage means corporate governance follows Chinese state enterprise rules rather than independent investor protection standards.

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• Origin2024

  CITIC Dameng Mining Industries (HKEX: 1091) is the listed Hong Kong vehicle for CITIC Group's manganese mining and processing assets — CITIC Group (中国中信集团) being one of China's largest state-owned conglomerates, originally established in 1979 by Rong Yiren as China's first post-reform window to Western capital markets (CITIC stands for China International Trust Investment Corporation). CITIC Dameng's manganese operations are concentrated in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region — particularly Daxin and Nandan counties, which sit atop China's largest sedimentary manganese ore deposits. Through CITIC's position as a state enterprise and CITIC Dameng's minority stake in COMILOG (operated by Eramet, France — Gabon's Moanda deposit is one of the world's largest manganese ore bodies), CITIC Dameng accesses both the world's largest manganese processing region (Guangxi) and one of the world's largest ore deposit geographic positions (Gabon). The Chinese state's ownership of CITIC Dameng means the most critical node in the global manganese supply chain — from commodity ore to battery-grade HPMSM — is ultimately controlled by a Chinese Communist Party-affiliated conglomerate.

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