Facility

Groningen Gas Field (Netherlands) — decommissioned 2023

Groningen was Europe's largest onshore gas field by reserves (~2.8 tcm) and the primary supply buffer for European gas markets for decades — operated by NAM (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij), a 50/50 joint venture between Shell and ExxonMobil, since 1963. Induced seismicity from reservoir compaction caused 3.5+ Richter earthquakes damaging ~27,000 homes in Groningen province. Dutch government ordered phase-down accelerated by 2022 energy crisis (tension between closing field for seismicity vs. keeping it open for supply security). Final production ceased October 2023. Groningen's closure permanently removed the EU's largest domestic conventional gas reserve from service. Source: https://www.shell.com/what-we-do/oil-and-gas/the-groningen-gas-field.html