pharmaceutical · input
N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ, m1Psi) is a chemically modified uridine nucleotide that replaces standard uridine in therapeutic mRNA transcripts. The substitution prevents the mRNA from activating innate immune Toll-like receptors (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8) — which would otherwise destroy the mRNA before it can translate its protein. This modification, developed by Karikó and Weissman (2023 Nobel Prize in Medicine), is the fundamental innovation enabling safe mRNA therapeutics. Every approved mRNA vaccine (Pfizer Comirnaty, Moderna Spikevax) and emerging mRNA drug uses m1Ψ in place of uridine. Global suppliers: TriLink BioTechnologies (Maravai), Sigma-Aldrich/Merck KGaA, Hongene Biotech (China), and a few others. The mRNA therapeutic pipeline (cancer vaccines, RSV, influenza, rare diseases) depends critically on m1Ψ supply.
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1 company produce n1-methylpseudouridine (m1ψ-utp) — mrna immune evasion.
San Diego-based mRNA capping reagent company (subsidiary of Maravai LifeSciences, MRVI); inventor of CleanCap co-transcriptional capping technology; near-monopoly during COVID-19 vaccine era with 350+ preclinical/clinical programs using CleanCap; revenue peaked at $883M (2022), fell to $259M (2024) after COVID demand collapse
