Urea Nitrogen Fertilizer (46-0-0)

One of the world's largest ammonia producers; Donaldsonville Complex (Louisiana) is the world's largest single ammonia production complex — 4.335M MT/year capacity, 6 plants on 1,400 acres along the Mississippi River. Produced 9.8M MT gross ammonia in 2024 across all facilities. Also operates plants in Iowa, Louisiana, Courtright (Ontario Canada), Ince (UK), Billingham (UK). Added CO2 capture at Donaldsonville (2025) enabling ~1.9M MT/year 'low-carbon ammonia' for export to Japan/Korea. Joint venture with JERA + Mitsui for $4B 'blue ammonia' plant in Louisiana.

World's largest ammonia distributor via Yara Clean Ammonia; >15% global ammonia market share. Produces and trades ~17-18M MT of ammonia and nitrogen fertilizers annually. Revenue $13.9B in 2024. Plants across Norway (Herøya/Porsgrunn: 500,000 MT/yr), Germany (Brunsbüttel: 800,000 MT/yr), Australia (Pilbara: 850,000 MT/yr, ~5% of world merchant ammonia supply), and 15+ other countries. Also the world's largest multi-nutrient fertilizer producer in Western Europe. Pivoting to green ammonia: started Europe's largest electrolyzer at Herøya (Norway) in 2024 for renewable hydrogen/ammonia. Yara Clean Ammonia is positioning to supply ammonia as marine fuel.

World's largest potash producer with 6 Saskatchewan mines. Vanscoy mine (west of Saskatoon) uses solution mining technology — fresh water drawn from the Saskatchewan River (~20km pipeline) is used in brine management. Deep subsurface saline aquifer brine injection used for waste disposal at Vanscoy (injected into Winnipeg/Deadwood Formations at 1,500-1,700m depth). Conventional underground mines at Rocanville, Allan, Lanigan, Cory, Belle Plaine also produce waste brine requiring aquifer disposal. Nutrien operates Canada's only solution potash mine at Vanscoy. Plans to reach 18M MT/year Saskatchewan capacity.

China's largest urea and phosphate fertilizer producer; state-backed enterprise leveraging Yunnan province natural gas and phosphate resources. Major domestic supplier and periodic exporter when China permits urea exports.

Joint venture majority owned by QatarEnergy (75%) with Yara International (25%). QAFCO operates the world's largest single-site ammonia/urea complex at Mesaieed, Qatar, with 3.8 million tonnes/year ammonia capacity across six trains. Feedstock is domestic North Field natural gas — among the cheapest in the world.

Russia's largest nitrogen fertilizer producer; 25% of Russian nitrogen exports. Produces ammonia, urea, ammonium nitrate, and compound fertilizers. Exports ~5.5 Mt/year; affected by 2022 sanctions but fertilizers were initially exempted by US/EU to avoid food security crisis. Owns potash mines in Russia.

Saudi Arabian ammonia and nitrogen fertilizer producer; subsidiary of SABIC (Saudi Aramco majority owner). Plants at Jubail Industrial City in Saudi Arabia. Produces ammonia using Saudi natural gas feedstock at highly competitive cost. Major exporter to Asia-Pacific. Building 6th facility: 1.2M MT/year low-carbon 'blue' ammonia + 1.1M MT/year urea. Saudi Arabia and Qatar together are primary Middle East ammonia producers (~4-5% of global capacity combined).

Major nitrogen fertilizer and ammonia company with plants in the US (OCI Beaumont TX, formerly Iowa Fertilizer Company), Netherlands (OCI Nitrogen, Geleen), Algeria (Fertial), and Egypt (EBIC). Also produces methanol. One of the largest merchant ammonia producers globally. Sold its US nitrogen business to Koch Ag & Energy Solutions in January 2024 for $3.6B, focusing its remaining assets on Netherlands, Algeria, and international methanol. Major shift in US ammonia market as OCI Iowa/Beaumont transferred to Koch.