mineral · input

Smelter SO2 off-gas (byproduct acid)

Sulfur-dioxide off-gas captured at copper/nickel/zinc smelters and converted to byproduct sulfuric acid.

Source countries

Companies

Goods affected

Claims on record

What depends on it

Goods that need this input

1 essential American goods rely on smelter so2 off-gas (byproduct acid) somewhere upstream in their supply chain.

Materials

Sulfuric acid

The world’s most-produced industrial chemical and a keystone input for phosphate fertilizer, battery-metal (nickel/cobalt) leaching, copper hydrometallurgy, and broad chemicals. Largely a BYPRODUCT of metal smelting and oil/gas desulfurization, so supply structurally falls as smelters close and fuels get cleaner — even as battery and fertilizer demand surge.

Where it comes from

Source countries

Share of global supply, by country.

Country	Share of supply
CNChina	35%
CLChile	9%

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