Title 10, Armed ForcesRelease 119-110
§3901 Contracts: Prohibition on Competition Between Department of Defense and Small Businesses
Title 10 › Subtitle A — General Military Law › PART V — ACQUISITION › Subpart D — General Contracting Provisions › CHAPTER 287 — OTHER CONTRACTING PROGRAMS › § 3901
Summary
When the Secretary of Defense plans a competitive contract that is set up so only small businesses can compete under section 8 or 15 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637 or 644), the Department of Defense must not compete for that contract. DoD cannot enter competitions that are reserved for small businesses.
Full Legal Text
Title 10, §3901
Armed Forces, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)Exclusion.—
In any case in which the Secretary of Defense plans to use competitive procedures for a procurement, if the procurement is to be conducted as described in subsection (b), then the Secretary shall exclude the Department of Defense from competing in the procurement.
(b)Procurement Description.—
The requirement to exclude the Department of Defense under subsection (a) applies in the case of a procurement to be conducted by excluding from competition entities in the private sector other than small business concerns in furtherance of section 8 or 15 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 637 or 644).
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2021—Pub. L. 116–283, § 1838(b), as amended by Pub. L. 117–81, § 1701(v)(2)(A), renumbered section 2304e of this title as this section. 2018—Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “other than” for “other than—”, struck out par. (1) designation before “small business”, and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: “entities described in subsection (a)(1) of section 2323 of this title in furtherance of the goal specified in that subsection.” 1996—Pub. L. 104–106 renumbered section 2304a of this title as this section.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
of 2021 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 117–81 applicable as if included in the enactment of title XVIII of Pub. L. 116–283 as enacted, see section 1701(a)(2) of Pub. L. 117–81, set out in a note preceding section 3001 of this title and note below. Amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
Effective Date
Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title VIII, § 848(b), Nov. 30, 1993, 107 Stat. 1725, provided that: “Section 2304a of title 10, United States Code [now 10 U.S.C. 3901], as added by subsection (a), shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 30, 1993].”
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
10 U.S.C. § 3901
Title 10, Armed Forces
Last Updated
Sep 22, 2026
Release point: 119-110