Title 10 — Armed ForcesRelease 119-73not60
§638 Selective Early Retirement
Title 10 › Subtitle Subtitle A— General Military Law › Part II— PERSONNEL › Chapter 36— PROMOTION, SEPARATION, AND INVOLUNTARY RETIREMENT OF OFFICERS ON THE ACTIVE-DUTY LIST › Subchapter IV— CONTINUATION ON ACTIVE DUTY AND SELECTIVE EARLY RETIREMENT › § 638
Summary
Allows regular officers on active duty to be picked for selective early retirement if they meet certain rank, time-in-grade, or promotion-failure rules. Eligible categories include: lieutenant colonel/commander who failed selection for colonel/captain two or more times and are not on a promotion list; colonel/captain with at least 4 years in grade who are not on a promotion list; brigadier general/rear admiral (lower half) with at least 3.5 years in grade who are not on a promotion list; and major general/rear admiral with at least 3.5 years in grade. The military department Secretary decides how many lieutenant colonels/commanders and colonels/captains a board may recommend, but not more than 30 percent of those considered in each grade and competitive category. Officers can also be considered under the rules in section 638a, and boards are convened under section 611(b). If the Secretary approves early retirement, officers below brigadier general/rear admiral (lower half) must be retired on a date they request and the Secretary approves, but no later than the first day of the seventh calendar month after the month the Secretary approves the board report. Higher-grade officers must retire no later than the first day of the tenth calendar month after that approval. The Secretary may delay retirement up to 3 months for hardship, with specific longer deadlines for certain cases (up to the first day of the tenth or thirteenth calendar month as described). An officer not yet eligible for retirement is kept on active duty until qualifying under sections 7311, 8323, or 9311 and then retired under those rules, subject to the timing limits above. An early retirement under these rules counts as involuntary. The Secretary of Defense must write rules for carrying out these steps, including how lists of officers are sent to the selection board and exceptions for officers already approved for voluntary retirement or scheduled for involuntary retirement.
Full Legal Text
Title 10, §638
Armed Forces — Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)(1)A regular officer on the active-duty list of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Space Force may be considered for selective early retirement by a selection board convened under section 611(b) of this title if the officer is described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (D) as follows:
(A)An officer holding the regular grade of lieutenant colonel or commander who has failed of selection for promotion to the grade of colonel or, in the case of an officer of the Navy, captain two or more times and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion.
(B)An officer holding the regular grade of colonel or, in the case of an officer of the Navy, captain who has served at least four years of active duty in that grade and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion.
(C)An officer holding the regular grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) who has served at least three and one-half years of active duty in that grade and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion.
(D)An officer holding the regular grade of major general or rear admiral who has served at least three and one-half years of active duty in that grade.
(2)The Secretary of the military department concerned shall specify the number of officers described in paragraphs (1)(A) and (1)(B) which a selection board convened under section 611(b) of this title may recommend for early retirement. Such number may not be more than 30 percent of the number of officers considered in each grade in each competitive category.
(3)A regular officer on the active-duty list of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, or Space Force may also be considered for early retirement under the circumstances prescribed in section 638a of this title.
(b)(1)(A)An officer in a grade below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) who is recommended for early retirement under this section or section 638a of this title and whose early retirement is approved by the Secretary concerned shall be retired, under any provision of law under which he is eligible to retire, on the date requested by him and approved by the Secretary concerned, which date shall be not later than the first day of the seventh calendar month beginning after the month in which the Secretary concerned approves the report of the board which recommended the officer for early retirement.
(B)If an officer described in subparagraph (A) is not eligible for retirement under any provision of law, the officer shall be retained on active duty until the officer is qualified for retirement under section 7311, 8323, or 9311 of this title, and then be retired under that section, unless the officer is sooner retired or discharged under some other provision of law, with such retirement under that section occurring not later than the later of the following:
(i)The first day of the month beginning after the month in which the officer becomes qualified for retirement under that section.
(ii)The first day of the seventh calendar month beginning after the month in which the Secretary concerned approves the report of the board which recommended the officer for early retirement.
(2)An officer who holds the regular grade of brigadier general, major general, rear admiral (lower half), or rear admiral who is recommended for early retirement under this section and whose early retirement is approved by the Secretary concerned shall be retired, under any provision of law under which he is eligible to retire, on the date requested by him and approved by the Secretary concerned, which date shall be not later than the first day of the tenth calendar month beginning after the month in which the Secretary concerned approved the report of the board which recommended the officer for early retirement.
(3)(A)The Secretary concerned may defer for not more than three months the retirement of an officer otherwise approved for early retirement under this section or section 638a of this title in order to prevent a personal hardship to the officer or for other humanitarian reasons. Any such deferral shall be made on a case-by-case basis considering the circumstances of the case of the particular officer concerned. The authority of the Secretary to grant such a deferral may not be delegated.
(B)An officer recommended for early retirement under paragraph (1)(A) or section 638a of this title, if approved for deferral under subparagraph (A), shall be retired on the date requested by the officer, and approved by the Secretary concerned, which date shall be not later than the first day of the tenth calendar month beginning after the month in which the Secretary concerned approves the report of the board which recommended the officer for early retirement.
(C)The Secretary concerned may defer the retirement of an officer otherwise approved for early retirement under paragraph (1)(B), but in no case later than the first day of the tenth calendar month beginning after the month in which the Secretary concerned approves the report of the board which recommended the officer for early retirement.
(D)An officer recommended for early retirement under paragraph (2), if approved for deferral under subparagraph (A), shall be retired on the date requested by the officer, and approved by the Secretary concerned, which date shall be not later than the first day of the thirteenth calendar month beginning after the month in which the Secretary concerned approves the report of the board which recommended the officer for early retirement.
(c)So long as an officer in a grade below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) holds the same grade, he may not be considered for early retirement under this section more than once in any five-year period.
(d)The retirement of an officer pursuant to this section shall be considered to be an involuntary retirement for purposes of any other provision of law.
(e)(1)The Secretary of Defense shall prescribe regulations for the administration of this section.
(2)(A)Such regulations shall require that when the Secretary of the military department concerned submits a list of officers to a selection board convened under section 611(b) of this title to consider officers for selection for early retirement under this section, such list (except as provided in subparagraph (B)) shall include each officer on the active-duty list in the same grade and competitive category whose position on the active-duty list is between that of the most junior officer in that grade and competitive category whose name is submitted to the board and that of the most senior officer in that grade and competitive category whose name is submitted to the board.
(B)A list under subparagraph (A) may not include an officer in that grade and competitive category (i) who has been approved for voluntary retirement under section 7311, 8323, or 9311 of this title, or (ii) who is to be involuntarily retired under any provision of law during the fiscal year in which the selection board is convened or during the following fiscal year.
(C)An officer not considered by a selection board convened under section 611(b) of this title by reason of subparagraph (B) shall be retired on the date approved for the retirement of that officer as of the convening date of such selection board unless the Secretary concerned approves a modification of such date in order to prevent a personal hardship for the officer or for other humanitarian reasons.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2021—Subsec. (a)(1), (3). Pub. L. 116–283 substituted “Marine Corps, or Space Force” for “or Marine Corps” in introductory provisions of par. (1) and in par. (3). 2018—Subsecs. (b)(1)(B), (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “section 7311, 8323, or 9311” for “section 3911, 6323, or 8911”. 2014—Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 113–291, § 502(b)(1), added par. (1) and struck out former par. (1) which read as follows: “An officer in a grade below brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) who is recommended for early retirement under this section or section 638a of this title and whose early retirement is approved by the Secretary concerned shall— “(A) be retired, under any provision of law under which he is eligible to retire, on the date requested by him and approved by the Secretary concerned, which date shall be not later than the first day of the seventh calendar month beginning after the month in which the Secretary concerned approves the report of the board which recommended the officer for early retirement; or “(B) if the officer is not eligible for retirement under any provision of law, be retained on active duty until he is qualified for retirement under section 3911, 6323, or 8911 of this title, and then be retired under that section, unless he is sooner retired or discharged under some other provision of law.” Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 113–291, § 502(b)(2), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted “three months” for “90 days”, and added subpars. (B) to (D). 1996—Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 104–106 added par. (3). 1993—Subsec. (e)(2)(B). Pub. L. 103–160 inserted “(i)” after “grade and competitive category”, inserted “(ii)” after “of this title, or”, and struck out comma after “any provision of law”. 1991—Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–190 designated existing provisions as pars. (1) and (2)(A), in par. (2)(A) inserted “(except as provided in subparagraph (B))” after “under this section, such list”, and added subpars. (B) and (C). 1990—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 101–510, § 521(b)(2)(A), added par. (3). Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 101–510, § 521(b)(2)(B), inserted “or section 638a of this title” after “under this section”. 1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–456 amended subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (a) read as follows: “A regular officer on the active-duty list of the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps— “(1) who holds the regular grade of lieutenant colonel or commander and has failed of selection for promotion to the grade of colonel or, in the case of an officer of the Navy, captain two or more times and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion; “(2) who holds the regular grade of colonel or, in the case of an officer of the Navy, captain and has served at least four years of active duty in that grade and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion; “(3) who holds the regular grade of brigadier general or rear admiral (lower half) and has served at least three and one-half years of active duty in that grade and whose name is not on a list of officers recommended for promotion; or “(4) who holds the regular grade of major general or rear admiral and has served at least three and one-half years of active duty in that grade, may be considered for early retirement by a selection board convened under section 611(b) of this title. The Secretary of the military department concerned shall specify the number of officers described in clauses (1) and (2) which such a board may recommend for early retirement, but such number may not be more than 30 percent of the number of officers considered in each grade in each competitive category.” 1985—Subsecs. (a)(3), (b), (c). Pub. L. 99–145 substituted “rear admiral (lower half)” for “commodore” wherever appearing. 1981—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 97–86 substituted “commodore” for “commodore admiral”. Subsec. (a)(3), (4). Pub. L. 97–22 substituted “three and one-half years of active duty” for “four years of active duty”. Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 97–86 substituted “commodore” for “commodore admiral” wherever appearing.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
of 2018 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of
Amendments
and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of this title.
Effective Date
of 1981 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 97–86 effective Sept. 15, 1981, see section 405(f) of Pub. L. 97–86, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.
Effective Date
Section effective Sept. 15, 1981, but the authority to prescribe
Regulations
under this section effective on Dec. 12, 1980, see section 701 of Pub. L. 96–513, set out as an
Effective Date
of 1980 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
10 U.S.C. § 638
Title 10 — Armed Forces
Last Updated
Apr 3, 2026
Release point: 119-73not60