§935 — Title 10 Armed Forces | U.S. Code

Summary

Allows officials who can call a general court-martial, or someone the Secretary names, to set up a court of inquiry to investigate a matter, even if nobody asked. Each court must have at least three commissioned officers. The person who calls the court must also pick a lawyer for the court. People whose actions are being investigated are automatically parties. Others who are under the military code, work for the Department of Defense, or (for the Coast Guard) work for the department running the Coast Guard when it is not part of the Navy, and who have a direct interest, can ask to be made parties. Parties must get notice, can attend, have a lawyer, cross-examine witnesses, and offer evidence. Members of the court can be challenged for cause. Members, the court lawyer, the reporter, and interpreters must swear to do their jobs honestly. Witnesses can be ordered to testify like they are for courts-martial. The court must state the facts it finds, but it should not give opinions or make recommendations unless the person who called the court asks for them. The court must keep a record of what happened and send it to the person who called the inquiry. The record must be signed by the court president and the court lawyer. If either cannot sign, a member may sign instead.

Title 10, §935

Armed Forces — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Courts of inquiry to investigate any matter may be convened by any person authorized to convene a general court-martial or by any other person designated by the Secretary concerned for that purpose, whether or not the persons involved have requested such an inquiry.

(b)A court of inquiry consists of three or more commissioned officers. For each court of inquiry the convening authority shall also appoint counsel for the court.

(c)(1)Any person subject to this chapter whose conduct is subject to inquiry shall be designated as a party.

(2)Any person who is (A) subject to this chapter, (B) employed by the Department of Defense, or (C) with respect to the Coast Guard, employed by the department in which the Coast Guard is operating when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, and who has a direct interest in the subject of inquiry has the right to be designated as a party upon request to the court.

(3)Any person designated as a party shall be given due notice and has the right to be present, to be represented by counsel, to cross-examine witnesses, and to introduce evidence.

(d)Members of a court of inquiry may be challenged by a party, but only for cause stated to the court.

(e)The members, counsel, the reporter, and interpreters of courts of inquiry shall take an oath to faithfully perform their duties.

(f)Witnesses may be summoned to appear and testify and be examined before courts of inquiry, as provided for courts-martial.

(g)Courts of inquiry shall make findings of fact but may not express opinions or make recommendations unless required to do so by the convening authority.

(h)Each court of inquiry shall keep a record of its proceedings, which shall be authenticated by the signatures of the president and counsel for the court and forwarded to the convening authority. If the record cannot be authenticated by the president, it shall be signed by a member in lieu of the president. If the record cannot be authenticated by the counsel for the court, it shall be signed by a member in lieu of the counsel.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Historical and Revision Notes

Revised sectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 935(a)935(b)935(c)50:731(a).50:731(b).50:731(c).May 5, 1950, ch. 169, § 1 (Art. 135), 64 Stat. 143. 935(d)50:731(d). 935(e)50:731(e). 935(f)50:731(f). 935(g)50:731(g). 935(h)50:731(h). In subsection (a), the words “Secretary concerned” are substituted for the words “Secretary of a Department”. In subsection (b), the word “commissioned” is inserted for clarity. The word “consists” is substituted for the words “shall consist”. In subsection (c), the word “has” is substituted for the words “shall have”. In subsection (e), the words “or affirmation” are omitted as covered by the definition of the word “oath” in section 1 of title 1. In subsection (g), the word “may” is substituted for the word “shall”. In subsection (h), the word “If” is substituted for the words “In case”.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2016—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–328 designated first through third sentences as pars. (1) to (3), respectively, and, in par. (2), substituted “who is (A) subject to this chapter, (B) employed by the Department of Defense, or (C) with respect to the Coast Guard, employed by the department in which the Coast Guard is operating when it is not operating as a service in the Navy, and” for “subject to this chapter or employed by the Department of Defense”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2016 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 114–328 effective on Jan. 1, 2019, as designated by the President, with implementing

Regulations

and provisions relating to applicability to various situations, see section 5542 of Pub. L. 114–328 and Ex. Ord. No. 13825, set out as notes under section 801 of this title.

§935 Art. 135. Courts of Inquiry