PRIA, Government Policy, Made Personal

Summary

Defines the main words used in the chapter so people know what they mean. A consumer product is any physical item sold in business for personal, family, or household use, including things meant to be attached to a building. The Commission is the Federal Trade Commission. A consumer is someone who buys a product for personal use (not to resell it), someone who gets the product while a warranty or service contract is in effect, or anyone allowed by the warranty or state law to enforce the warranty. A supplier is anyone who makes a consumer product available to buyers. A warrantor is a supplier or other person who offers a written warranty or who may have duties under an implied warranty. A written warranty is a written promise about the product’s material, workmanship, or performance for a set time, or a written promise to refund, repair, replace, or take other action if the product fails, and it must be part of the sales deal. An implied warranty is a warranty created by state law (as changed by sections 2308 and 2304(a)). A service contract is a written agreement to do maintenance or repairs for a fixed time. Reasonable and necessary maintenance means the tasks a consumer can reasonably do or have done that are needed to keep the product working. Remedy means the warrantor chooses repair, replacement, or refund, but refund can only be chosen if replacement is unavailable and repair is not practical or cannot be done in time, or if the consumer agrees. Replacement means giving a new product that is the same or basically equivalent. Refund means returning the actual purchase price, minus reasonable depreciation for actual use when allowed by rules of the Commission. Distributed in commerce means sold, introduced, or held for sale in commerce. Commerce means trade between a place in a State and anywhere outside it, or trade that affects such trade. State includes the States, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Canal Zone, and American Samoa; “State law” includes U.S. laws that apply only to DC or a territory, and “Federal law” does not include state law.

Title 15, §2301

Commerce and Trade, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

For the purposes of this chapter:

(1)The term “consumer product” means any tangible personal property which is distributed in commerce and which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes (including any such property intended to be attached to or installed in any real property without regard to whether it is so attached or installed).

(2)The term “Commission” means the Federal Trade Commission.

(3)The term “consumer” means a buyer (other than for purposes of resale) of any consumer product, any person to whom such product is transferred during the duration of an implied or written warranty (or service contract) applicable to the product, and any other person who is entitled by the terms of such warranty (or service contract) or under applicable State law to enforce against the warrantor (or service contractor) the obligations of the warranty (or service contract).

(4)The term “supplier” means any person engaged in the business of making a consumer product directly or indirectly available to consumers.

(5)The term “warrantor” means any supplier or other person who gives or offers to give a written warranty or who is or may be obligated under an implied warranty.

(6)The term “written warranty” means—

(A)any written affirmation of fact or written promise made in connection with the sale of a consumer product by a supplier to a buyer which relates to the nature of the material or workmanship and affirms or promises that such material or workmanship is defect free or will meet a specified level of performance over a specified period of time, or

(B)any undertaking in writing in connection with the sale by a supplier of a consumer product to refund, repair, replace, or take other remedial action with respect to such product in the event that such product fails to meet the specifications set forth in the undertaking,

which written affirmation, promise, or undertaking becomes part of the basis of the bargain between a supplier and a buyer for purposes other than resale of such product.

(7)The term “implied warranty” means an implied warranty arising under State law (as modified by section 2308 and 2304(a) of this title) in connection with the sale by a supplier of a consumer product.

(8)The term “service contract” means a contract in writing to perform, over a fixed period of time or for a specified duration, services relating to the maintenance or repair (or both) of a consumer product.

(9)The term “reasonable and necessary maintenance” consists of those operations (A) which the consumer reasonably can be expected to perform or have performed and (B) which are necessary to keep any consumer product performing its intended function and operating at a reasonable level of performance.

(10)The term “remedy” means whichever of the following actions the warrantor elects:

(A)repair,

(B)replacement, or

(C)refund;

except that the warrantor may not elect refund unless (i) the warrantor is unable to provide replacement and repair is not commercially practicable or cannot be timely made, or (ii) the consumer is willing to accept such refund.

(11)The term “replacement” means furnishing a new consumer product which is identical or reasonably equivalent to the warranted consumer product.

(12)The term “refund” means refunding the actual purchase price (less reasonable depreciation based on actual use where permitted by rules of the Commission).

(13)The term “distributed in commerce” means sold in commerce, introduced or delivered for introduction into commerce, or held for sale or distribution after introduction into commerce.

(14)The term “commerce” means trade, traffic, commerce, or transportation—

(A)between a place in a State and any place outside thereof, or

(B)which affects trade, traffic, commerce, or transportation described in subparagraph (A).

(15)The term “State” means a State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Canal Zone, or American Samoa. The term “State law” includes a law of the United States applicable only to the District of Columbia or only to a territory or possession of the United States; and the term “Federal law” excludes any State law.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

For definition of Canal Zone, referred to in par. (15), see section 3602(b) of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

of 2015 Amendment Pub. L. 114–51, § 1, Sept. 24, 2015, 129 Stat. 494, provided that: “This Act [amending section 2302 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 2302 of this title] may be cited as the ‘E-Warranty Act of 2015’.”

Short Title

Pub. L. 93–637, § 1, Jan. 4, 1975, 88 Stat. 2183, provided: “That this act [enacting this chapter and sections 57a to 57c of this title, amending section 45, 46, 49, 50, 52, 56, and 58 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under section 45, 56, 57a, and 57b of this title] may be cited as the ‘Magnuson-Moss Warranty—Federal Trade Commission Improvement Act’.”

§2301 Definitions

Summary

Title 15, §2301

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title

Short Title

Citations & Metadata