§1386 — Title 16 Conservation | U.S. Code

Summary

The Secretary must prepare draft stock assessments for every marine mammal stock in U.S. waters by August 1, 1994, working with regional scientific review groups. Each draft must say where the animals live (including seasonal moves); give a minimum population number, current and maximum growth rates, and the population trend with the sources used; estimate annual human-caused deaths and serious injuries by source and, for stocks called “strategic,” list other things hurting them like habitat or prey loss; describe commercial fisheries that interact with the stock (approximate number of vessels, the annual incidental deaths and injuries by fishery, seasonal or area differences, and the rate per unit of fishing effort with an analysis of whether that rate is insignificant or nearing zero); say whether the stock’s human-caused losses are unlikely to reduce it below its optimal size or whether it is a strategic stock and why; and estimate the potential biological removal level and the recovery factor used. The Secretary must publish a notice in the Federal Register when a draft or revision is ready and allow 90 days for public comment, including a summary and list of information sources. If a person covered by section 1371(b) asks, the Secretary must hold a formal on-the-record proceeding before finalizing a stock subject to taking under section 1371(b). After considering the best science, the regional review group’s advice, and public comments, the Secretary must publish the final assessment or revision and a summary in the Federal Register no later than 90 days after the close of comment or the final action on the proceeding. Reviews must happen at least annually for strategic stocks and stocks with significant new information, and at least once every 3 years for all other stocks; assessments must be revised if the review shows a status change. The Secretary must set up three independent regional scientific review groups for Alaska, the Pacific Coast (including Hawaii), and the Atlantic Coast (including the Gulf of Mexico) not later than 60 days after April 30, 1994; these unpaid experts advise on estimates, research needs, fishing gear changes, habitat impacts, and related issues. This does not change section 1371(b).

Title 16, §1386

Conservation — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Not later than August 1, 1994, the Secretary shall, in consultation with the appropriate regional scientific review group established under subsection (d), prepare a draft stock assessment for each marine mammal stock which occurs in waters under the jurisdiction of the United States. Each draft stock assessment, based on the best scientific information available, shall—

(1)describe the geographic range of the affected stock, including any seasonal or temporal variation in such range;

(2)provide for such stock the minimum population estimate, current and maximum net productivity rates, and current population trend, including a description of the information upon which these are based;

(3)estimate the annual human-caused mortality and serious injury of the stock by source and, for a strategic stock, other factors that may be causing a decline or impeding recovery of the stock, including effects on marine mammal habitat and prey;

(4)describe commercial fisheries that interact with the stock, including—

(A)the approximate number of vessels actively participating in each such fishery;

(B)the estimated level of incidental mortality and serious injury of the stock by each such fishery on an annual basis;

(C)seasonal or area differences in such incidental mortality or serious injury; and

(D)the rate, based on the appropriate standard unit of fishing effort, of such incidental mortality and serious injury, and an analysis stating whether such level is insignificant and is approaching a zero mortality and serious injury rate;

(5)categorize the status of the stock as one that either—

(A)has a level of human-caused mortality and serious injury that is not likely to cause the stock to be reduced below its optimum sustainable population; or

(B)is a strategic stock, with a description of the reasons therefor; and

(6)estimate the potential biological removal level for the stock, describing the information used to calculate it, including the recovery factor.

(b)(1)The Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of the availability of a draft stock assessment or any revision thereof and provide an opportunity for public review and comment during a period of 90 days. Such notice shall include a summary of the assessment and a list of the sources of information or published reports upon which the assessment is based.

(2)Subsequent to the notice of availability required under paragraph (1), if requested by a person to which section 1371(b) of this title applies, the Secretary shall conduct a proceeding on the record prior to publishing a final stock assessment or any revision thereof for any stock subject to taking under section 1371(b) of this title.

(3)After consideration of the best scientific information available, the advice of the appropriate regional scientific review group established under subsection (d), and the comments of the general public, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of availability and a summary of the final stock assessment or any revision thereof, not later than 90 days after—

(A)the close of the public comment period on a draft stock assessment or revision thereof; or

(B)final action on an agency proceeding pursuant to paragraph (2).

(c)(1)The Secretary shall review stock assessments in accordance with this subsection—

(A)at least annually for stocks which are specified as strategic stocks;

(B)at least annually for stocks for which significant new information is available; and

(C)at least once every 3 years for all other stocks.

(2)If the review under paragraph (1) indicates that the status of the stock has changed or can be more accurately determined, the Secretary shall revise the stock assessment in accordance with subsection (b).

(d)(1)Not later than 60 days after April 30, 1994, the Secretary of Commerce shall, in consultation with the Secretary of the Interior (with respect to marine mammals under that Secretary’s jurisdiction), the Marine Mammal Commission, the Governors of affected adjacent coastal States, regional fishery and wildlife management authorities, Alaska Native organizations and Indian tribes, and environmental and fishery groups, establish three independent regional scientific review groups representing Alaska, the Pacific Coast (including Hawaii), and the Atlantic Coast (including the Gulf of Mexico), consisting of individuals with expertise in marine mammal biology and ecology, population dynamics and modeling, commercial fishing technology and practices, and stocks taken under section 1371(b) of this title. The Secretary of Commerce shall, to the maximum extent practicable, attempt to achieve a balanced representation of viewpoints among the individuals on each regional scientific review group. The regional scientific review groups shall advise the Secretary on—

(A)population estimates and the population status and trends of such stocks;

(B)uncertainties and research needed regarding stock separation, abundance, or trends, and factors affecting the distribution, size, or productivity of the stock;

(C)uncertainties and research needed regarding the species, number, ages, gender, and reproductive status of marine mammals;

(D)research needed to identify modifications in fishing gear and practices likely to reduce the incidental mortality and serious injury of marine mammals in commercial fishing operations;

(E)the actual, expected, or potential impacts of habitat destruction, including marine pollution and natural environmental change, on specific marine mammal species or stocks, and for strategic stocks, appropriate conservation or management measures to alleviate any such impacts; and

(F)any other issue which the Secretary or the groups consider appropriate.

(2)The scientific review groups established under this subsection shall not be subject to chapter 10 of title 5.

(3)Members of the scientific review groups shall serve without compensation, but may be reimbursed by the Secretary, upon request, for reasonable travel costs and expenses incurred in performing their obligations.

(4)The Secretary may appoint or reappoint individuals to the regional scientific review groups under paragraph (1) as needed.

(e)This section shall not affect or otherwise modify the provisions of section 1371(b) of this title.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted “chapter 10 of title 5.” for “the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 App. U.S.C.).”

§1386 Stock Assessments

Summary

Title 16, §1386

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

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