Title 16, ConservationRelease 119-110
§1456–1 Authorization of the Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program
Title 16 › CHAPTER 33 — COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT › § 1456–1
Summary
Creates a program run by NOAA’s National Ocean Service to protect important coastal and estuary lands with natural, recreational, ecological, historic, or scenic value. The program gives competitive grants to eligible coastal states or National Estuarine Research Reserves to buy land or land interests from willing sellers. It favors places with high ecological value, lands under immediate threat, or sites that help reduce harms from coastal population growth. At least 15% of the money must go to projects that help National Estuarine Research Reserves. Land bought with grant money must be kept for conservation forever, and if it is later sold the current value must be returned to the federal program. Property owners cannot be forced to sell and do not have to allow access unless the land was bought with program funds. Grants normally require a 100% non-federal match, but the Secretary can waive that for underserved or low-income communities. The value of land or easements can count as the match if bought within 3 years before application or 3 years after the award and kept for conservation. Other eligible costs like planning, restoration, or management may also count if they occur during the grant period. The Secretary must use a competitive process, consult with states and stakeholders, set performance measures, report to Congress every three years, and limit federal planning/administration spending to no more than 5% of funds. Authorized funding is $60,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2013. Conservation easement: a recorded limit or restriction on land kept for conservation. Interest in property: includes conservation easements.
Full Legal Text
Title 16, §1456–1
Conservation, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)In general
The Secretary may conduct a Coastal and Estuarine Land Conservation Program, in cooperation with appropriate State, regional, and other units of government, for the purposes of protecting important coastal and estuarine areas that have significant conservation, recreation, ecological, historical, or aesthetic values, or that are threatened by conversion from their natural, undeveloped, or recreational state to other uses or could be managed or restored to effectively conserve, enhance, or restore ecological function. The program shall be administered by the National Ocean Service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration through the Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management.
(b)Property acquisition grants
The Secretary shall make grants under the program to coastal states with approved coastal zone management plans or National Estuarine Research Reserve units for the purpose of acquiring property or interests in property described in subsection (a) that will further the goals of— (1)
(2)a National Estuarine Research Reserve management plan;
(3)a regional or State watershed protection or management plan involving coastal states with approved coastal zone management programs; or
(4)a State coastal land acquisition plan that is consistent with an approved coastal zone management program.
(c)Grant process
The Secretary shall allocate funds to coastal states or National Estuarine Research Reserves under this section through a competitive grant process in accordance with guidelines that meet the following requirements:
(1)The Secretary shall consult with the coastal state’s coastal zone management program, any National Estuarine Research Reserve in that State, and the lead agency designated by the Governor for coordinating the implementation of this section (if different from the coastal zone management program).
(2)Each participating coastal state, after consultation with local governmental entities and other interested stakeholders, shall identify priority conservation needs within the State, the values to be protected by inclusion of lands in the program, and the threats to those values that should be avoided.
(3)Each participating coastal state shall to the extent practicable ensure that the acquisition of property or easements shall complement working waterfront needs.
(4)The applicant shall identify the values to be protected by inclusion of the lands in the program, management activities that are planned and the manner in which they may affect the values identified, and any other information from the landowner relevant to administration and management of the land.
(5)Awards shall be based on demonstrated need for protection and ability to successfully leverage funds among participating entities, including Federal programs, regional organizations, State and other governmental units, landowners, corporations, or private organizations.
(6)The governor, or the lead agency designated by the governor for coordinating the implementation of this section, where appropriate in consultation with the appropriate local government, shall determine that the application is consistent with the State’s or territory’s approved coastal zone plan, program, and policies prior to submittal to the Secretary.
(7)(A)Priority shall be given to lands described in subsection (a) that can be effectively managed and protected and that have significant ecological value.
(B)Of the projects that meet the standard in subparagraph (A), priority shall be given to lands that—
(i)are under an imminent threat of conversion to a use that will degrade or otherwise diminish their natural, undeveloped, or recreational state; and
(ii)serve to mitigate the adverse impacts caused by coastal population growth in the coastal environment.
(8)In developing guidelines under this section, the Secretary shall consult with coastal states, other Federal agencies, and other interested stakeholders with expertise in land acquisition and conservation procedures.
(9)Eligible coastal states or National Estuarine Research Reserves may allocate grants to local governments or agencies eligible for assistance under section 1455a(e) of this title.
(10)The Secretary shall develop performance measures that the Secretary shall use to evaluate and report on the program’s effectiveness in accomplishing its purposes, and shall submit such evaluations to Congress triennially.
(d)Limitations and private property protections
(1)A grant awarded under this section may be used to purchase land or an interest in land, including an easement, only from a willing seller. Any such purchase shall not be the result of a forced taking under this section. Nothing in this section requires a private property owner to participate in the program under this section.
(2)Any interest in land, including any easement, acquired with a grant under this section shall not be considered to create any new liability, or have any effect on liability under any other law, of any private property owner with respect to any person injured on the private property.
(3)Nothing in this section requires a private property owner to provide access (including Federal, State, or local government access) to or use of private property unless such property or an interest in such property (including a conservation easement) has been purchased with funds made available under this section.
(e)Recognition of authority to control land use
Nothing in this chapter modifies the authority of Federal, State, or local governments to regulate land use.
(f)Matching requirements
(1)In general
The Secretary may not make a grant under the program unless the Federal funds are matched by non-Federal funds in accordance with this subsection.
(2)Cost share requirement
(A)In general
Grant funds under the program shall require a 100 percent match from other non-Federal sources.
(B)Waiver of requirement
The Secretary may grant a waiver of subparagraph (A) for underserved communities, communities that have an inability to draw on other sources of funding because of the small population or low income of the community, or for other reasons the Secretary deems appropriate and consistent with the purposes of the program.
(3)Other Federal funds
Where financial assistance awarded under this section represents only a portion of the total cost of a project, funding from other Federal sources may be applied to the cost of the project. Each portion shall be subject to match requirements under the applicable provision of law.
(4)Source of matching cost share
For purposes of paragraph (2)(A), the non-Federal cost share for a project may be determined by taking into account the following:
(A)The value of land or a conservation easement may be used by a project applicant as non-Federal match, if the Secretary determines that—
(i)the land meets the criteria set forth in section 2(b) and is acquired in the period beginning 3 years before the date of the submission of the grant application and ending 3 years after the date of the award of the grant;
(ii)the value of the land or easement is held by a non-governmental organization included in the grant application in perpetuity for conservation purposes of the program; and
(iii)the land or easement is connected either physically or through a conservation planning process to the land or easement that would be acquired.
(B)The appraised value of the land or conservation easement at the time of the grant closing will be considered and applied as the non-Federal cost share.
(C)Costs associated with land acquisition, land management planning, remediation, restoration, and enhancement may be used as non-Federal match if the activities are identified in the plan and expenses are incurred within the period of the grant award, or, for lands described in (A), within the same time limits described therein. These costs may include either cash or in-kind contributions.
(g)Reservation of funds for National Estuarine Research Reserve sites
No less than 15 percent of funds made available under this section shall be available for acquisitions benefitting National Estuarine Research Reserves.
(h)Limit on administrative costs
No more than 5 percent of the funds made available to the Secretary under this section shall be used by the Secretary for planning or administration of the program. The Secretary shall provide a report to Congress with an account of all expenditures under this section for fiscal year 2009 and triennially thereafter.
(i)Title and management of acquired property
If any property is acquired in whole or in part with funds made available through a grant under this section, the grant recipient shall provide—
(1)such assurances as the Secretary may require that—
(A)the title to the property will be held by the grant recipient or another appropriate public agency designated by the recipient in perpetuity;
(B)the property will be managed in a manner that is consistent with the purposes for which the land entered into the program and shall not convert such property to other uses; and
(C)if the property or interest in land is sold, exchanged, or divested, funds equal to the current value will be returned to the Secretary in accordance with applicable Federal law for redistribution in the grant process; and
(2)certification that the property (including any interest in land) will be acquired from a willing seller.
(j)Requirement for property used for non-Federal match
If the grant recipient elects to use any land or interest in land held by a non-governmental organization as a non-Federal match under subsection (g), the grant recipient must to the Secretary’s satisfaction demonstrate in the grant application that such land or interest will satisfy the same requirements as the lands or interests in lands acquired under the program.
(k)Definitions
In this section: (1) Conservation easement
(2)Interest in property
The term “interest in property” includes a conservation easement.
(l)Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $60,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2009 through 2013.
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
16 U.S.C. § 1456–1
Title 16, Conservation
Last Updated
Sep 23, 2026
Release point: 119-110