Title 16, ConservationRelease 119-110

§4306 Prohibited Acts and Criminal Penalties

Title 16 › CHAPTER 63 — FEDERAL CAVE RESOURCES PROTECTION › § 4306

Last updated Sep 23, 2026|Official source

Summary

You must not damage, change, remove, or harm any "significant cave" on federal land without prior permission from the Secretary. You also must not mess with the plants or animals that move into or out of those caves, enter a cave planning to do these things, or possess, sell, trade, or offer cave items you know or should know were taken from such caves. You also cannot hire or ask others to break these rules. People who lawfully had cave items before November 18, 1988 are not covered. Breaking these rules can get you up to 1 year in jail, a federal fine, or both. A second or later offense can lead to up to 3 years in jail, a federal fine, or both.

Full Legal Text

Title 16, §4306

Conservation, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Prohibited acts
(1)Any person who, without prior authorization from the Secretary knowingly destroys, disturbs, defaces, mars, alters, removes or harms any significant cave or alters the free movement of any animal or plant life into or out of any significant cave located on Federal lands, or enters a significant cave with the intention of committing any act described in this paragraph shall be punished in accordance with subsection (b).
(2)Any person who possesses, consumes, sells, barters or exchanges, or offers for sale, barter or exchange, any cave resource from a significant cave with knowledge or reason to know that such resource was removed from a significant cave located on Federal lands shall be punished in accordance with subsection (b).
(3)Any person who counsels, procures, solicits, or employs any other person to violate any provisions of this subsection shall be punished in accordance with section (b).
(4)Nothing in this section shall be deemed applicable to any person who was in lawful possession of a cave resource from a significant cave prior to November 18, 1988.
(b)Punishment
The punishment for violating any provision of subsection (a) shall be imprisonment of not more than one year or a fine in accordance with the applicable provisions of title 18, or both. In the case of a second or subsequent violation, the punishment shall be imprisonment of not more than 3 years or a fine in accordance with the applicable provisions of title 18, or both.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

16 U.S.C. § 4306

Title 16, Conservation

Last Updated

Sep 23, 2026

Release point: 119-110