Title 16ConservationRelease 119-73not60

§4306 Prohibited Acts and Criminal Penalties

Title 16 › Chapter 63— FEDERAL CAVE RESOURCES PROTECTION › § 4306

Last updated Apr 5, 2026|Official source

Summary

You must not, without permission from the Secretary, knowingly damage, change, remove, or harm any "significant cave" on federal land, or stop animals or plants from moving into or out of such a cave. You also must not enter a significant cave planning to do those things. It is illegal to knowingly have, use, sell, trade, or offer for sale any cave resource taken from a significant cave on federal land. It is also illegal to hire, ask, or help someone else to break these rules. Breaking these rules can bring jail time and fines. A first offense can lead to up to 1 year in jail, a fine under title 18, or both. A second or later offense can lead to up to 3 years in jail, a fine under title 18, or both. People who lawfully had cave resources before November 18, 1988 are not covered by these penalties.

Full Legal Text

Title 16, §4306

Conservation — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)Any person who, without prior authorization from the Secretary knowingly destroys, disturbs, defaces, mars, alters, removes or harms any significant cave or alters the free movement of any animal or plant life into or out of any significant cave located on Federal lands, or enters a significant cave with the intention of committing any act described in this paragraph shall be punished in accordance with subsection (b).
(2)Any person who possesses, consumes, sells, barters or exchanges, or offers for sale, barter or exchange, any cave resource from a significant cave with knowledge or reason to know that such resource was removed from a significant cave located on Federal lands shall be punished in accordance with subsection (b).
(3)Any person who counsels, procures, solicits, or employs any other person to violate any provisions of this subsection shall be punished in accordance with section 11 So in original. Probably should be “subsection”. (b).
(4)Nothing in this section shall be deemed applicable to any person who was in lawful possession of a cave resource from a significant cave prior to November 18, 1988.
(b)The punishment for violating any provision of subsection (a) shall be imprisonment of not more than one year or a fine in accordance with the applicable provisions of title 18, or both. In the case of a second or subsequent violation, the punishment shall be imprisonment of not more than 3 years or a fine in accordance with the applicable provisions of title 18, or both.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

16 U.S.C. § 4306

Title 16Conservation

Last Updated

Apr 5, 2026

Release point: 119-73not60