Title 16, ConservationRelease 119-110

§521d Sale, Exchange, or Interchange of National Forest System Land

Title 16 › CHAPTER 2 — NATIONAL FORESTS › SUBCHAPTER I — ESTABLISHMENT AND ADMINISTRATION › § 521d

Last updated Sep 22, 2026|Official source

Summary

The Secretary may sell, swap, or interchange National Forest System lands described in section 521e, and may transfer whatever United States ownership exists (including mineral rights), using a quitclaim deed (a simple deed that transfers the government's interest). The Secretary can take other land, land interests, cash, or any mix as payment. For sales or exchanges the trade must be at least equal in value (including mineral rights). For interchanges the values must be approximately equal (including mineral rights). The Secretary must put terms, conditions, and reservations in deeds to protect the public interest—like scenic, wildlife, recreation values and public access—except for deeds to lands outside the boundary of National Forest System units. Net proceeds from any sale or exchange under paragraphs (4), (5), or (6) of section 521e must go into the fund in section 484a. That money can be used until spent to buy land or interests for administrative sites in the same State that provided the funds, to buy land or interests to add to the National Forest System in that State (including land that improves recreational access), or to repay costs of preparing a competitive sale under section 521e.

Full Legal Text

Title 16, §521d

Conservation, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Conveyance authority; consideration
The Secretary is authorized, when the Secretary determines it to be in the public interest—
(1)to sell, exchange, or interchange by quitclaim deed, all right, title, and interest, including the mineral estate, of the United States in and to National Forest System lands described in section 521e of this title; and
(2)to accept as consideration for the lands sold, exchanged, or interchanged other lands, interests in lands, or cash payment, or any combination of such forms of consideration, which, in the case of conveyance by sale or exchange, is at least equal in value, including the mineral estate, or, in the case of conveyance by interchange, is of approximately equal value, including the mineral estate, to the lands being conveyed by the Secretary.
(b)Inclusion of terms, covenants, conditions, and reservations
(1)In general
The Secretary shall insert in any such quitclaim deed such terms, covenants, conditions, and reservations as the Secretary deems necessary to ensure protection of the public interest, including protection of the scenic, wildlife, and recreation values of the National Forest System and provision for appropriate public access to and use of lands within the System.
(2)Limitation
Paragraph (1) shall not be applicable to deeds issued by the Secretary to lands outside the boundary of units of the National Forest System.
(c)Disposition of proceeds
(1)Deposit in Sisk fund
The net proceeds derived from any sale or exchange conducted under paragraph (4), (5), or (6) of section 521e of this title shall be deposited in the fund established under section 484a of this title.
(2)Use
Amounts deposited under paragraph (1) shall be available to the Secretary until expended for— (A)
(B)the acquisition of land or interests in land for inclusion in the National Forest System in that State, including land or interests in land that enhance opportunities for recreational access; or
(C)the reimbursement of the Secretary for costs incurred in preparing a sale conducted under the authority of section 521e of this title if the sale is a competitive sale.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Pub. L. 115–334, § 8621(c)(1)–(3), designated first sentence as subsec. (a) and inserted subsec. heading, designated second sentence as par. (1) of subsec. (b), inserted subsec. and par. headings, and substituted “covenants” for “convenants”, and designated third sentence as par. (2) of subsec. (b), inserted par. heading, and substituted “Paragraph (1) shall not” for “The preceding sentence shall not”. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 115–334, § 8621(c)(4), added subsec. (c).

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

16 U.S.C. § 521d

Title 16, Conservation

Last Updated

Sep 22, 2026

Release point: 119-110