Title 16 — ConservationRelease 119-73not60

§6551 Findings and Purpose

Title 16 › Chapter 84— HEALTHY FOREST RESTORATION › Subchapter IV— INSECT INFESTATIONS AND RELATED DISEASES › § 6551

Last updated Apr 5, 2026|Official source

Summary

Requires the Secretary to create a fast program to study and fight insect and disease outbreaks in forests. The law says big insect kills raise fire danger, destroy old trees and wildlife, harm watersheds, help invasive species spread, and cut timber value. It notes that forest insects wipe out hundreds of thousands of acres each year, that more than 21,000,000 acres in the West and more than 57,000,000 acres in the South are at high risk, and that drought makes things worse. It names serious pests and their effects: the hemlock woolly adelgid is killing streamside forests in the mid-Atlantic and Appalachians and threatening water and some timber; the emerald ash borer can kill almost all affected trees and could destroy more than 692,000,000 ash trees in Michigan and Ohio and 5–10 percent of urban street trees in the Upper Midwest; Southern pine beetle outbreaks hit many Southern states (Florida up 146% and Kentucky up 111% in 2001); and red oak borer has infested more than 1,000,000 acres, much of it in national forests, with an inadequate Federal response. The law also says insects and diseases often work together, past tests were too limited, full testing and funding are needed, and new efforts must not take money from other Secretary programs. It requires the Secretary to set up an accelerated mix of basic and practical studies, to work with colleges and universities (including forestry schools, land grant colleges and universities, and 1890 Institutions), State agencies, and private landowners, and to run applied silvicultural tests.

Full Legal Text

Title 16, §6551

Conservation — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Congress finds that—

(1)high levels of tree mortality resulting from insect infestation (including the interaction between insects and diseases) may result in—

(A)increased fire risk;

(B)loss of old trees and old growth;

(C)loss of threatened and endangered species;

(D)loss of species diversity;

(E)degraded watershed conditions;

(F)increased potential for damage from other agents of disturbance, including exotic, invasive species; and

(G)decreased timber values;

(2)(A)forest-damaging insects destroy hundreds of thousands of acres of trees each year;

(B)in the West, more than 21,000,000 acres are at high risk of forest-damaging insect infestation, and in the South, more than 57,000,000 acres are at risk across all land ownerships; and

(C)severe drought conditions in many areas of the South and West will increase the risk of forest-damaging insect infestations;

(3)the hemlock woolly adelgid is—

(A)destroying streamside forests throughout the mid-Atlantic and Appalachian regions;

(B)threatening water quality and sensitive aquatic species; and

(C)posing a potential threat to valuable commercial timber land in northern New England;

(4)(A)the emerald ash borer is a nonnative, invasive pest that has quickly become a major threat to hardwood forests because an emerald ash borer infestation is almost always fatal to affected trees; and

(B)the emerald ash borer pest threatens to destroy more than 692,000,000 ash trees in forests in Michigan and Ohio alone, and between 5 and 10 percent of urban street trees in the Upper Midwest;

(5)(A)epidemic populations of Southern pine beetles are ravaging forests in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia; and

(B)in 2001, Florida and Kentucky experienced 146 percent and 111 percent increases, respectively, in Southern pine beetle populations;

(6)those epidemic outbreaks of Southern pine beetles have forced private landowners to harvest dead and dying trees, in rural areas and increasingly urbanized settings;

(7)according to the Forest Service, recent outbreaks of the red oak borer in Arkansas and Missouri have been unprecedented, with more than 1,000,000 acres infested at population levels never seen before;

(8)much of the damage from the red oak borer has taken place in national forests, and the Federal response has been inadequate to protect forest ecosystems and other ecological and economic resources;

(9)(A)previous silvicultural assessments, while useful and informative, have been limited in scale and scope of application; and

(B)there have not been sufficient resources available to adequately test a full array of individual and combined applied silvicultural assessments;

(10)only through the full funding, development, and assessment of potential applied silvicultural assessments over specific time frames across an array of environmental and climatic conditions can the most innovative and cost effective management applications be determined that will help reduce the susceptibility of forest ecosystems to attack by forest pests;

(11)(A)often, there are significant interactions between insects and diseases;

(B)many diseases (such as white pine blister rust, beech bark disease, and many other diseases) can weaken trees and forest stands and predispose trees and forest stands to insect attack; and

(C)certain diseases are spread using insects as vectors (including Dutch elm disease and pine pitch canker); and

(12)funding and implementation of an initiative to combat forest pest infestations and associated diseases should not come at the expense of supporting other programs and initiatives of the Secretary.

(b)The purposes of this subchapter are—

(1)to require the Secretary to develop an accelerated basic and applied assessment program to combat infestations by forest-damaging insects and associated diseases;

(2)to enlist the assistance of colleges and universities (including forestry schools, land grant colleges and universities, and 1890 Institutions), State agencies, and private landowners to carry out the program; and

(3)to carry out applied silvicultural assessments.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

16 U.S.C. § 6551

Title 16 — Conservation

Last Updated

Apr 5, 2026

Release point: 119-73not60