Title 18, Crimes and Criminal ProcedureRelease 119-110

§1033 Crimes by or Affecting Persons Engaged in the Business of Insurance Whose Activities Affect Interstate Commerce

Title 18 › PART I — CRIMES › CHAPTER 47 — FRAUD AND FALSE STATEMENTS › § 1033

Last updated Sep 22, 2026|Official source

Summary

It makes it a crime for people in the insurance business who affect interstate trade to lie, cheat, steal, or block regulators. If someone knowingly makes false reports, overvalues property, or lies in financial records to trick insurance regulators or examiners, they can be fined under federal law, jailed up to 10 years, or both. If the false statement, overvaluing, theft, or bad record-keeping seriously harmed an insurer and helped put it into conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation, the jail time can be up to 15 years. Willfully stealing or misusing an insurer’s money or property is punished the same way, except if the stolen amount is $5,000 or less the jail time is at most one year (or a fine, or both). Using threats or force to corruptly interfere with insurance regulatory proceedings can bring a fine or up to 10 years in prison. A person convicted of a felony involving dishonesty, or convicted under these rules, who then takes part in the insurance business can be fined or jailed up to 5 years. Someone who lets that person work in the business faces the same penalty. That person can work in insurance only with written permission from the insurance regulator. Definitions: “business of insurance” = writing or reinsuring insurance and related acts; “insurer” = an entity that writes or reinsures insurance; “interstate commerce” = trade across states, territories, D.C., or under U.S. jurisdiction; “State” = includes states and listed U.S. territories.

Full Legal Text

Title 18, §1033

Crimes and Criminal Procedure, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)(1)Whoever is engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce and knowingly, with the intent to deceive, makes any false material statement or report or willfully and materially overvalues any land, property or security—
(A)in connection with any financial reports or documents presented to any insurance regulatory official or agency or an agent or examiner appointed by such official or agency to examine the affairs of such person, and
(B)for the purpose of influencing the actions of such official or agency or such an appointed agent or examiner,
shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2).
(2)The punishment for an offense under paragraph (1) is a fine as established under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, except that the term of imprisonment shall be not more than 15 years if the statement or report or overvaluing of land, property, or security jeopardized the safety and soundness of an insurer and was a significant cause of such insurer being placed in conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation by an appropriate court.
(b)(1)Whoever—
(A)acting as, or being an officer, director, agent, or employee of, any person engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce, or
(B)is engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce or is involved (other than as an insured or beneficiary under a policy of insurance) in a transaction relating to the conduct of affairs of such a business,
willfully embezzles, abstracts, purloins, or misappropriates any of the moneys, funds, premiums, credits, or other property of such person so engaged shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2).
(2)The punishment for an offense under paragraph (1) is a fine as provided under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, except that if such embezzlement, abstraction, purloining, or misappropriation described in paragraph (1) jeopardized the safety and soundness of an insurer and was a significant cause of such insurer being placed in conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation by an appropriate court, such imprisonment shall be not more than 15 years. If the amount or value so embezzled, abstracted, purloined, or misappropriated does not exceed $5,000, whoever violates paragraph (1) shall be fined as provided in this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.
(c)(1)Whoever is engaged in the business of insurance and whose activities affect interstate commerce or is involved (other than as an insured or beneficiary under a policy of insurance) in a transaction relating to the conduct of affairs of such a business, knowingly makes any false entry of material fact in any book, report, or statement of such person engaged in the business of insurance with intent to deceive any person, including any officer, employee, or agent of such person engaged in the business of insurance, any insurance regulatory official or agency, or any agent or examiner appointed by such official or agency to examine the affairs of such person, about the financial condition or solvency of such business shall be punished as provided in paragraph (2).
(2)The punishment for an offense under paragraph (1) is a fine as provided under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, except that if the false entry in any book, report, or statement of such person jeopardized the safety and soundness of an insurer and was a significant cause of such insurer being placed in conservation, rehabilitation, or liquidation by an appropriate court, such imprisonment shall be not more than 15 years.
(d)Whoever, by threats or force or by any threatening letter or communication, corruptly influences, obstructs, or impedes or endeavors corruptly to influence, obstruct, or impede the due and proper administration of the law under which any proceeding involving the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce is pending before any insurance regulatory official or agency or any agent or examiner appointed by such official or agency to examine the affairs of a person engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce, shall be fined as provided in this title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.
(e)(1)(A)Any individual who has been convicted of any criminal felony involving dishonesty or a breach of trust, or who has been convicted of an offense under this section, and who willfully engages in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce or participates in such business, shall be fined as provided in this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
(B)Any individual who is engaged in the business of insurance whose activities affect interstate commerce and who willfully permits the participation described in subparagraph (A) shall be fined as provided in this title or imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.
(2)A person described in paragraph (1)(A) may engage in the business of insurance or participate in such business if such person has the written consent of any insurance regulatory official authorized to regulate the insurer, which consent specifically refers to this subsection.
(f)As used in this section—
(1)the term “business of insurance” means—
(A)the writing of insurance, or
(B)the reinsuring of risks,
by an insurer, including all acts necessary or incidental to such writing or reinsuring and the activities of persons who act as, or are, officers, directors, agents, or employees of insurers or who are other persons authorized to act on behalf of such persons;
(2)the term “insurer” means any entity the business activity of which is the writing of insurance or the reinsuring of risks, and includes any person who acts as, or is, an officer, director, agent, or employee of that business;
(3)the term “interstate commerce” means—
(A)commerce within the District of Columbia, or any territory or possession of the United States;
(B)all commerce between any point in the State, territory, possession, or the District of Columbia and any point outside thereof;
(C)all commerce between points within the same State through any place outside such State; or
(D)all other commerce over which the United States has jurisdiction; and
(4)the term “State” includes any State, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the Virgin Islands, American Samoa, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Executive Documents

Termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands For termination of Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, see note set out preceding section 1681 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

18 U.S.C. § 1033

Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Last Updated

Sep 22, 2026

Release point: 119-110