Title 18, Crimes and Criminal ProcedureRelease 119-110

§39B Unsafe Operation of Unmanned Aircraft

Title 18 › PART I — CRIMES › CHAPTER 2 — AIRCRAFT AND MOTOR VEHICLES › § 39B

Last updated Sep 23, 2026|Official source

Summary

Operating a drone that interferes with a manned aircraft or flying a drone inside a protected zone near runways without permission is illegal. You must not fly a drone in a way that knowingly or recklessly disrupts an aircraft carrying people if it creates an immediate safety danger to those people. You also must not, without authorization, fly inside a runway exclusion zone. A runway exclusion zone is a rectangle centered on an active runway with surface class B, C, or D airspace, extending 1 statute mile past each runway end and 1/2 statute mile wide. Breaking these rules can lead to a fine, up to 1 year in jail, or both. If someone recklessly causes serious injury or death while interfering with a manned aircraft, the jail time can be up to 10 years. If someone knowingly causes, tries to cause, or plans to cause serious injury or death while knowingly interfering with a manned aircraft or while flying inside the runway exclusion zone, the punishment can be a fine and imprisonment for any number of years or for life.

Full Legal Text

Title 18, §39B

Crimes and Criminal Procedure, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Offense.—
Any person who operates an unmanned aircraft and: (1)
(2)Recklessly interferes with, or disrupts the operation of, an aircraft carrying 1 or more occupants operating in the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States, in a manner that poses an imminent safety hazard to such occupants, shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
(b)Operation of Unmanned Aircraft in Close Proximity to Airports.—
(1)In general.—
Any person who, without authorization, knowingly operates an unmanned aircraft within a runway exclusion zone shall be punished as provided in subsection (c).
(2)Runway exclusion zone defined.—
In this subsection, the term “runway exclusion zone” means a rectangular area—
(A)centered on the centerline of an active runway of an airport immediately around which the airspace is designated as class B, class C, or class D airspace at the surface under part 71 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations; and
(B)the length of which extends parallel to the runway’s centerline to points that are 1 statute mile from each end of the runway and the width of which is ½ statute mile.
(c)Penalty.—
(1)In general.—
Except as provided in paragraph (2), the punishment for an offense under subsections (a) or (b) shall be a fine under this title, imprisonment for not more than 1 year, or both.
(2)Serious bodily injury or death.—
Any person who:
(A)Causes serious bodily injury or death during the commission of an offense under subsection (a)(2) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for a term of up to 10 years, or both.
(B)Causes, or attempts or conspires to cause, serious bodily injury or death during the commission of an offense under subsections (a)(1) and (b) shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

18 U.S.C. § 39B

Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Last Updated

Sep 23, 2026

Release point: 119-110