§892 — Title 18 Crimes and Criminal Procedure | U.S. Code

Summary

Makes it a crime to make, or plan to make, a loan or credit deal that is extortionate. A person who does this can be fined, put in prison for up to 20 years, or both. If certain facts are shown, they count as strong evidence that the credit was extortionate, but other proof can also be used. Those facts are: the debt could not be enforced in court where the debtor lived or where a business debtor was set up; the interest rate was over 45% a year using the actuarial method (payments go first to interest, then to principal); the debtor reasonably believed the lender had used or punished nonpayment by violent or coercive methods or had that reputation; and the total owed to that lender at the time was more than $100. If evidence about unenforceability or high interest is offered and there is no direct proof of what the debtor believed, a court may allow testimony about the lender’s reputation in the debtor’s community to show what both sides understood then.

Title 18, §892

Crimes and Criminal Procedure — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Whoever makes any extortionate extension of credit, or conspires to do so, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.

(b)In any prosecution under this section, if it is shown that all of the following factors were present in connection with the extension of credit in question, there is prima facie evidence that the extension of credit was extortionate, but this subsection is nonexclusive and in no way limits the effect or applicability of subsection (a):

(1)The repayment of the extension of credit, or the performance of any promise given in consideration thereof, would be unenforceable, through civil judicial processes against the debtor

(A)in the jurisdiction within which the debtor, if a natural person, resided or

(B)in every jurisdiction within which the debtor, if other than a natural person, was incorporated or qualified to do business

(2)The extension of credit was made at a rate of interest in excess of an annual rate of 45 per centum calculated according to the actuarial method of allocating payments made on a debt between principal and interest, pursuant to which a payment is applied first to the accumulated interest and the balance is applied to the unpaid principal.

(3)At the time the extension of credit was made, the debtor reasonably believed that either

(A)one or more extensions of credit by the creditor had been collected or attempted to be collected by extortionate means, or the nonrepayment thereof had been punished by extortionate means; or

(B)the creditor had a reputation for the use of extortionate means to collect extensions of credit or to punish the nonrepayment thereof.

(4)Upon the making of the extension of credit, the total of the extensions of credit by the creditor to the debtor then outstanding, including any unpaid interest or similar charges, exceeded $100.

(c)In any prosecution under this section, if evidence has been introduced tending to show the existence of any of the circumstances described in subsection (b)(1) or (b)(2), and direct evidence of the actual belief of the debtor as to the creditor’s collection practices is not available, then for the purpose of showing the understanding of the debtor and the creditor at the time the extension of credit was made, the court may in its discretion allow evidence to be introduced tending to show the reputation as to collection practices of the creditor in any community of which the debtor was a member at the time of the extension.

Editorial Notes

Amendments

1994—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.

§892 Making Extortionate Extensions of Credit

Summary

Title 18, §892

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

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