21 U.S.C. § 356a: Manufacturing changes

Summary

Drug makers with an approved drug or license may change how the drug is made and sell the changed drug only if they first check and prove how the change affects the drug’s identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency as those things relate to safety and effectiveness. If the change is a major one, the maker must send a supplemental application to the Secretary and get the Secretary’s approval before selling the changed drug. Major changes are those the Secretary decides could substantially harm the drug’s identity, strength, quality, purity, or potency. Examples of major changes include changing the drug’s formula or approved specifications (unless the Secretary exempts it) or a change the Secretary says needs a clinical study to show the drugs are equivalent. For changes that are not major, the Secretary can let makers sell the changed drug without a supplemental application but require a report later, or the Secretary can require a supplemental application first. Reports must include the validation information and be sent by the date the Secretary sets; the Secretary may allow one annual report for many small changes made during a single year. If a supplemental application is required, the maker may start selling 30 days after the Secretary gets the application unless told within those 30 days that approval is needed first. If the Secretary disapproves, the Secretary may order the maker to stop distribution. Definitions: holder — the company holding the approved application or license. major manufacturing change — a change the Secretary finds could substantially affect safety or effectiveness.

Title 21, §356a

Food and Drugs, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)In general

With respect to a drug for which there is in effect an approved application under section 355 or 360b of this title or a license under section 262 of title 42, a change from the manufacturing process approved pursuant to such application or license may be made, and the drug as made with the change may be distributed, if—

(1)the holder of the approved application or license (referred to in this section as a “holder”) has validated the effects of the change in accordance with subsection (b); and

(2)(A)in the case of a major manufacturing change, the holder has complied with the requirements of subsection (c); or

(B)in the case of a change that is not a major manufacturing change, the holder complies with the applicable requirements of subsection (d).

(b)Validation of effects of changes

For purposes of subsection (a)(1), a drug made with a manufacturing change (whether a major manufacturing change or otherwise) may be distributed only if, before distribution of the drug as so made, the holder involved validates the effects of the change on the identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency of the drug as the identity, strength, quality, purity, and potency may relate to the safety or effectiveness of the drug.

(c)Major manufacturing changes

(1)Requirement of supplemental application

For purposes of subsection (a)(2)(A), a drug made with a major manufacturing change may be distributed only if, before the distribution of the drug as so made, the holder involved submits to the Secretary a supplemental application for such change and the Secretary approves the application. The application shall contain such information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, and shall include the information developed under subsection (b) by the holder in validating the effects of the change.

(2)Changes qualifying as major changes

For purposes of subsection (a)(2)(A), a major manufacturing change is a manufacturing change that is determined by the Secretary to have substantial potential to adversely affect the identity, strength, quality, purity, or potency of the drug as they may relate to the safety or effectiveness of a drug. Such a change includes a change that—

(A)is made in the qualitative or quantitative formulation of the drug involved or in the specifications in the approved application or license referred to in subsection (a) for the drug (unless exempted by the Secretary by regulation or guidance from the requirements of this subsection);

(B)is determined by the Secretary by regulation or guidance to require completion of an appropriate clinical study demonstrating equivalence of the drug to the drug as manufactured without the change; or

(C)is another type of change determined by the Secretary by regulation or guidance to have a substantial potential to adversely affect the safety or effectiveness of the drug.

(d)Other manufacturing changes

(1)In general

For purposes of subsection (a)(2)(B), the Secretary may regulate drugs made with manufacturing changes that are not major manufacturing changes as follows:

(A)The Secretary may in accordance with paragraph (2) authorize holders to distribute such drugs without submitting a supplemental application for such changes.

(B)The Secretary may in accordance with paragraph (3) require that, prior to the distribution of such drugs, holders submit to the Secretary supplemental applications for such changes.

(C)The Secretary may establish categories of such changes and designate categories to which subparagraph (A) applies and categories to which subparagraph (B) applies.

(2)Changes not requiring supplemental application

(A)Submission of report

A holder making a manufacturing change to which paragraph (1)(A) applies shall submit to the Secretary a report on the change, which shall contain such information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, and which shall include the information developed under subsection (b) by the holder in validating the effects of the change. The report shall be submitted by such date as the Secretary may specify.

(B)Authority regarding annual reports

In the case of a holder that during a single year makes more than one manufacturing change to which paragraph (1)(A) applies, the Secretary may in carrying out subparagraph (A) authorize the holder to comply with such subparagraph by submitting a single report for the year that provides the information required in such subparagraph for all the changes made by the holder during the year.

(3)Changes requiring supplemental application

(A)Submission of supplemental application

The supplemental application required under paragraph (1)(B) for a manufacturing change shall contain such information as the Secretary determines to be appropriate, which shall include the information developed under subsection (b) by the holder in validating the effects of the change.

(B)Authority for distribution

In the case of a manufacturing change to which paragraph (1)(B) applies:

(i)The holder involved may commence distribution of the drug involved 30 days after the Secretary receives the supplemental application under such paragraph, unless the Secretary notifies the holder within such 30-day period that prior approval of the application is required before distribution may be commenced.

(ii)The Secretary may designate a category of such changes for the purpose of providing that, in the case of a change that is in such category, the holder involved may commence distribution of the drug involved upon the receipt by the Secretary of a supplemental application for the change.

(iii)If the Secretary disapproves the supplemental application, the Secretary may order the manufacturer to cease the distribution of the drugs that have been made with the manufacturing change.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 105–115, title I, § 116(b), Nov. 21, 1997, 111 Stat. 2315, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [enacting this section] takes effect upon the

Effective Date

Regulations

promulgated by the Secretary of Health and Human Services to implement such amendment, or upon the expiration of the 24-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 21, 1997], whichever occurs first.”

§356a Manufacturing Changes

Summary

Title 21, §356a

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Effective Date

Regulations

Citations & Metadata