Title 22, Foreign Relations and IntercourseRelease 119-110

§3616 Joint Commission on the Environment

Title 22 › CHAPTER 51 — PANAMA CANAL › SUBCHAPTER I — ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATIONS › Part 1 — Panama Canal Commission › § 3616

Last updated Sep 22, 2026|Official source

Summary

The United States and Panama must set up a Joint Commission on the Environment under the 1977 Panama Canal Treaty. It will have up to three U.S. members and up to three Panamanian members, unless both governments agree to different numbers. The U.S. members must regularly check how the Treaty affects the environment and, together with the Panamanian members, recommend ways to avoid or reduce harmful environmental impacts to both governments. U.S. members are chosen by the President and serve at the President’s pleasure. They get no salary but may receive travel and per diem payments under section 3617. Federal employees detailed to the Commission keep their pay, seniority, and benefits. U.S. members may hire staff and set their pay if funds are provided in advance by appropriation Acts. The Commission’s rules are made with Panama and must be approved by both governments.

Full Legal Text

Title 22, §3616

Foreign Relations and Intercourse, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Establishment; composition
The United States and the Republic of Panama, in accordance with the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977, shall establish a Joint Commission on the Environment (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Joint Commission”) to be composed of not more than three representatives of the United States and three representatives of the Republic of Panama, or such other equivalent numbers of representatives as may be agreed upon by the Governments of the two countries. The United States members of the Joint Commission shall periodically review the implementation of the Panama Canal Treaty of 1977 with respect to its impact on the environment and shall, jointly with the representatives of the Government of Panama, make recommendations to the United States Government and the Government of the Republic of Panama with respect to ways to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts resulting from actions taken pursuant to such Treaty.
(b)Appointment; compensation and travel expenses
Representatives of the United States on the Joint Commission shall be appointed by the President and shall serve at the pleasure of the President. Such representatives shall serve without compensation but shall be allowed travel or transportation expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with section 3617 of this title.
(c)Protection of pay, seniority, or other rights or benefits of appointed or detailed Federal employees
Any Federal employee subject to the civil service laws and regulations who is detailed to serve with, or appointed by, the United States representatives on the Joint Commission shall not lose any pay, seniority, or other rights or benefits by reason of such detail or appointment.
(d)Compensation of necessary personnel
The United States representatives on the Joint Commission may, to such extent or in such amounts as are provided in advance in appropriation Acts, appoint and fix the compensation of such personnel as the representatives of the United States on the Joint Commission may consider necessary for the participation of the United States on the Joint Commission.
(e)Rules of procedure; establishment; approval
The United States representatives on the Joint Commission may, in cooperation with the representatives of the Republic of Panama on the Joint Commission, establish rules of procedure to be used by the Joint Commission in conducting its affairs, subject to the approval of such rules by the Governments of the United States and the Republic of Panama.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

22 U.S.C. § 3616

Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse

Last Updated

Sep 22, 2026

Release point: 119-110