Title 22, Foreign Relations and IntercourseRelease 119-110

§5414 Debt-for-equity Swaps and Other Special Techniques

Title 22 › CHAPTER 63 — SUPPORT FOR EAST EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) › SUBCHAPTER I — STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT › § 5414

Last updated Sep 22, 2026|Official source

Summary

The President must look for and push new ways to lower both the debts owed between governments and the debts owed to private lenders of Eastern European countries that have made real steps toward democratic government and market-based economies. The President may sell U.S. government-held debt tied to such a country at a discount to private buyers, but only if the sale helps a debt-for-equity or debt-for-development swap. In those swaps, the buyer trades the debt for local money, policy promises, or other assets needed for development or business, or for ownership shares in a company that used to belong to that government.

Full Legal Text

Title 22, §5414

Foreign Relations and Intercourse, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Reduction of debt burden
The President shall take all appropriate actions to explore and encourage innovative approaches to the reduction of the government-to-government and commercial debt burden of East European countries which have taken substantive steps toward political democracy and economic pluralism.
(b)Authority for discounted sales of debt
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the President may undertake the discounted sale, to private purchasers, of United States Government debt obligations of an East European country which has taken substantive steps toward political democracy and economic pluralism, subject to subsection (c).
(c)Condition
An obligation may be sold under subsection (b) only if the sale will facilitate so-called debt-for-equity or debt-for-development swaps wherein such newly privatized debt is exchanged by the new holder of the obligation for— (1)
(2)for an equity interest in an enterprise theretofore owned by the particular East European government.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Executive Documents

Delegation of Functions Functions of President under this section delegated to Secretary of the Treasury by section 4 of Ex. Ord. No. 12703, Feb. 20, 1990, 55 F.R. 6351, set out as a note under section 5401 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

22 U.S.C. § 5414

Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse

Last Updated

Sep 22, 2026

Release point: 119-110