§9303 — Title 22 Foreign Relations and Intercourse | U.S. Code

Summary

Defines the main words used in the chapter so people know who is involved and what certain terms mean. "Appropriate congressional committees" names six Senate and House committees (Foreign Relations, Agriculture/Nutrition, and Appropriations in the Senate; Foreign Affairs, Agriculture, and Appropriations in the House). "Feed the Future Innovation Labs" are U.S. university-led research partnerships working on ways to cut global hunger, poverty, and malnutrition and to respond to food shocks. "Food and nutrition security" means having enough safe, nutritious food available, accessible, used well, and steady over time for an active, healthy life. "Food system" is the whole network of people, actions, and goods involved in growing, processing, moving, selling, and eating food, feed, and fiber from farms, fisheries, forestry, aquaculture, and pastoralism, shaped by social, political, economic, and environmental factors. "Global Food Security Strategy" is the strategy created under section 9304(a). "Key stakeholders" are the many people and groups working on global food security, including federal agencies, governments in target countries, other donors, international organizations and banks, NGOs and faith groups, the private sector, local producers (farmers, fishers, cooperatives, youth, women), and research and academic institutions. "Malnutrition" means poor nutritional status caused by too little or too much nutrition. "Relevant Federal departments and agencies" lists specific U.S. agencies such as USAID, USDA, Commerce, State, Treasury, Millennium Challenge Corporation, U.S. International Development Finance Corporation, Peace Corps, USTR, U.S. African Development Foundation, Inter‑American Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey, and any other agency the President names for this purpose. "Resilience" is the ability of people, households, communities, countries, and food and farming systems to prevent, adapt to, and recover from shocks to food security in ways that cut long-term vulnerability and support inclusive growth. "Small-scale producer" means farmers, pastoralists, foresters, and artisanal fishers with few assets and limited resources who, in the case of farmers, usually farm on fewer than 5 hectares. "Stunting" is when a child's height is more than 2 standard deviations below the median, usually starts before age 2 (but can continue), signals an unhealthy environment for growth, and is linked to long-term health, development, and immune problems. "Sustainable" means a country, community, partner, or beneficiary can keep the programs and results going over time. "Target country" is a developing country chosen to join programs under the Global Food Security Strategy using the selection rules in section 9304(a)(2), such as potential for agriculture-led growth, government commitment, partnership chances, level of need, and available resources. "Wasting" is a life-threatening rapid loss of nutrition from poor intake or disease; in children it shows up as low weight for height, weakened immunity, and a higher risk of death from common infections.

Title 22, §9303

Foreign Relations and Intercourse — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

In this chapter:

(1)The term “appropriate congressional committees” means—

(A)the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate;

(B)the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the Senate;

(C)the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate;

(D)the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives;

(E)the Committee on Agriculture of the House of Representatives; and

(F)the Committee on Appropriations of the House of Representatives.

(2)The term “Feed the Future Innovation Labs” means research partnerships led by United States universities that advance solutions to reduce global hunger, poverty, and malnutrition, including in response to shocks and stresses to food and nutrition security.

(3)The term “food and nutrition security” means access to, and availability, utilization, and stability of, sufficient food to meet caloric and nutritional needs for an active and healthy life.

(4)The term “food system” means the intact or whole unit made up of interrelated components of people, behaviors, relationships, and material goods that interact in the production, processing, packaging, transporting, trade, marketing, consumption, and use of food, feed, and fiber through aquaculture, farming, wild fisheries, forestry, and pastoralism that operates within and is influenced by social, political, economic, and environmental contexts.

(5)The term “Global Food Security Strategy” means the strategy developed and implemented pursuant to section 9304(a) of this title.

(6)The term “key stakeholders” means actors engaged in efforts to advance global food security programs and objectives, including—

(A)relevant Federal departments and agencies;

(B)national and local governments in target countries;

(C)other bilateral donors;

(D)international and regional organizations;

(E)international, regional, and local financial institutions;

(F)international, regional, and local private voluntary, nongovernmental, faith-based, and civil society organizations;

(G)the private sector, including agribusinesses and relevant commodities groups;

(H)local agricultural producers, including farmer and fisher organizations, cooperatives, small-scale producers, youth, and women; and

(I)agricultural research and academic institutions, including land-grant universities and extension services.

(7)The term “malnutrition” means poor nutritional status caused by nutritional deficiency or excess.

(8)The term “relevant Federal departments and agencies” means the United States Agency for International Development, the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Commerce, the Department of State, the Department of the Treasury, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the United States International Development Finance Corporation, the Peace Corps, the Office of the United States Trade Representative, the United States African Development Foundation, the Inter-American Foundation, the United States Geological Survey, and any other department or agency specified by the President for purposes of this section.

(9)The term “resilience” means the ability of people, households, communities, countries, and agriculture and food systems to mitigate, adapt to, and recover from shocks and stresses to food security, including global food catastrophes, in a manner that reduces chronic vulnerability and facilitates inclusive growth.

(10)The term “small-scale producer” means farmers, pastoralists, foresters, and artisanal fishing communities that have a low asset base and limited resources, including land, capital, skills and labor, and, in the case of farmers, typically farm on fewer than 5 hectares of land.

(11)The term “stunting” refers to a condition that—

(A)is measured by a height-to-age ratio that is more than 2 standard deviations below the median for the population;

(B)manifests in children who are younger than 2 years of age;

(C)is a process that can continue in children after they reach 2 years of age, resulting in an individual being “stunted”;

(D)is a marker of an environment deficient in the various needs that allow for a child’s healthy growth, including nutrition; and

(E)is associated with long-term poor health, delayed motor development, impaired cognitive function, and decreased immunity.

(12)The term “sustainable” means the ability of a target country, community, implementing partner, or intended beneficiary to maintain, over time, the programs authorized and outcomes achieved pursuant to this chapter.

(13)The term “target country” means a developing country that is selected to participate in food and nutrition security and agriculture-led economic growth programs under the Global Food Security Strategy pursuant to the selection criteria described in section 9304(a)(2) of this title, including criteria such as the potential for agriculture-led economic growth, government commitment to agricultural investment and policy reform, opportunities for partnerships and regional synergies, the level of need, and resource availability.

(14)The term “wasting” means—

(A)a life-threatening condition attributable to poor nutrient intake or disease that is characterized by a rapid deterioration in nutritional status over a short period of time; and

(B)in the case of children, is characterized by low weight for height and weakened immunity, increasing their risk of death due to greater frequency and severity of common infection, particularly when severe.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2022—Par. (2). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(1), inserted “, including in response to shocks and stresses to food and nutrition security” before period at end. Pars. (4) to (6). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(2), (3), added par. (4) and redesignated former pars. (4) and (5) as (5) and (6), respectively. Former par. (6) redesignated (7). Par. (6)(H). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(4), amended subpar. (H) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (H) read as follows: “agricultural producers, including farmer organizations, cooperatives, small-scale producers, and women; and”. Par. (7). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(2), redesignated par. (6) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (8). Par. (8). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(5), which directed amendment of “paragraph (7), as redesignated” by inserting “the Inter-American Foundation,” after “United States African Development Foundation,” was executed by making the amendment in par. (8), as redesignated, to reflect the probable intent of Congress. Par. (7), as redesignated by Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(2), does not contain the words “United States African Development Foundation,”. Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(2), redesignated par. (7) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (9). Par. (9). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(2), (6), redesignated par. (8) as (9) and inserted “agriculture and food” before “systems” and “, including global food catastrophes,” after “food security”. Former par. (9) redesignated (10). Par. (10). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(2), (7), redesignated par. (9) as (10) and substituted “artisanal fishing communities” for “fishers”. Former par. (10) redesignated (11). Par. (11). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(2), redesignated par. (10) as (11). Former par. (11) redesignated (12). Par. (11)(D), (E). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(8), amended subpars. (D) and (E) generally. Prior to amendment, subpars. (D) and (E) read as follows: “(D) is a sign of chronic malnutrition; and “(E) can lead to long-term poor health, delayed motor development, impaired cognitive function, and decreased immunity.” Par. (12). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(2), redesignated par. (11) as (12). Former par. (12) redesignated (13). Par. (13). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(2), (9), redesignated par. (12) as (13) and substituted “food and nutrition security and agriculture-led economic growth” for “agriculture and nutrition security”. Par. (14). Pub. L. 117–263, § 5588(c)(10), added par. (14). 2018—Par. (7). Pub. L. 115–254 substituted “United States International Development Finance Corporation” for “Overseas Private Investment Corporation”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2018 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 115–254 effective at the end of the transition period, as defined in section 9681 of this title, see section 1470(w) of Pub. L. 115–254, set out as a note under section 905 of Title 2, The Congress.

§9303 Definitions