PRIA, Government Policy, Made Personal

Summary

If you own a bond or similar debt that was issued at a discount (original issue discount, or OID), you must count each day’s share of that built-in interest as part of your taxable income while you hold it. You do not have to do this for tax-exempt bonds, United States savings bonds, debt that matures in 1 year or less from issue, or small personal loans between people (not made in business) when the lender’s total loans to that borrower are $10,000 or less and the loan wasn’t mainly to avoid tax. Also, the rule does not apply if you bought the debt at a premium or if you are a life insurance company covered by section 811(b). The daily amount is found by spreading the debt’s increase in value over each day of an “accrual period” (usually a 6‑month period). The increase is based on the adjusted issue price, the yield to maturity (compounded each accrual period), and interest actually paid. Special rules apply if payments can be accelerated (for example, by prepayments in mortgage pools). If you buy the debt after issue and paid extra, your daily OID is reduced by a fraction reflecting that extra cost. “Purchase” means you acquired the debt and your tax basis wasn’t set by the seller’s basis. When you include OID in income, you must add that amount to your tax basis in the debt.

Title 26, §1272

Internal Revenue Code, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Original issue discount included in income on basis of constant interest rate

(1)General rule

For purposes of this title, there shall be included in the gross income of the holder of any debt instrument having original issue discount, an amount equal to the sum of the daily portions of the original issue discount for each day during the taxable year on which such holder held such debt instrument.

(2)Exceptions

Paragraph (1) shall not apply to—

(A)Tax-exempt obligations

Any tax-exempt obligation.

(B)United States savings bonds

Any United States savings bond.

(C)Short-term obligations

Any debt instrument which has a fixed maturity date not more than 1 year from the date of issue.

(D)Loans between natural persons

(i)In general

Any loan made by a natural person to another natural person if—

(I)such loan is not made in the course of a trade or business of the lender, and

(II)the amount of such loan (when increased by the outstanding amount of prior loans by such natural person to such other natural person) does not exceed $10,000.

(ii)Clause (i) not to apply where tax avoidance a principal purpose

Clause (i) shall not apply if the loan has as 1 of its principal purposes the avoidance of any Federal tax.

(iii)Treatment of husband and wife

For purposes of this subparagraph, a husband and wife shall be treated as 1 person. The preceding sentence shall not apply where the spouses lived apart at all times during the taxable year in which the loan is made.

(3)Determination of daily portions

For purposes of paragraph (1), the daily portion of the original issue discount on any debt instrument shall be determined by allocating to each day in any accrual period its ratable portion of the increase during such accrual period in the adjusted issue price of the debt instrument. For purposes of the preceding sentence, the increase in the adjusted issue price for any accrual period shall be an amount equal to the excess (if any) of— (A)

(B)the sum of the amounts payable as interest on such debt instrument during such accrual period.

(4)Adjusted issue price

For purposes of this subsection, the adjusted issue price of any debt instrument at the beginning of any accrual period is the sum of— (A)

(B)the adjustments under this subsection to such issue price for all periods before the first day of such accrual period.

(5)Accrual period

Except as otherwise provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, the term “accrual period” means a 6-month period (or shorter period from the date of original issue of the debt instrument) which ends on a day in the calendar year corresponding to the maturity date of the debt instrument or the date 6 months before such maturity date.

(6)Determination of daily portions where principal subject to acceleration

(A)In general

In the case of any debt instrument to which this paragraph applies, the daily portion of the original issue discount shall be determined by allocating to each day in any accrual period its ratable portion of the excess (if any) of— (i)

(ii)the adjusted issue price of such debt instrument at the beginning of such period.

(B)Determination of present value

For purposes of subparagraph (A), the present value shall be determined on the basis of— (i)

(ii)events which have occurred before the close of the accrual period, and

(iii)a prepayment assumption determined in the manner prescribed by regulations.

(C)Debt instruments to which paragraph applies

This paragraph applies to—

(i)any regular interest in a REMIC or qualified mortgage held by a REMIC,

(ii)any other debt instrument if payments under such debt instrument may be accelerated by reason of prepayments of other obligations securing such debt instrument (or, to the extent provided in regulations, by reason of other events), or

(iii)any pool of debt instruments the yield on which may be affected by reason of prepayments (or to the extent provided in regulations, by reason of other events).

To the extent provided in regulations prescribed by the Secretary, in the case of a small business engaged in the trade or business of selling tangible personal property at retail, clause (iii) shall not apply to debt instruments incurred in the ordinary course of such trade or business while held by such business.

(7)Reduction where subsequent holder pays acquisition premium

(A)Reduction

For purposes of this subsection, in the case of any purchase after its original issue of a debt instrument to which this subsection applies, the daily portion for any day shall be reduced by an amount equal to the amount which would be the daily portion for such day (without regard to this paragraph) multiplied by the fraction determined under subparagraph (B).

(B)Determination of fraction

For purposes of subparagraph (A), the fraction determined under this subparagraph is a fraction—

(i)the numerator of which is the excess (if any) of—

(I)the cost of such debt instrument incurred by the purchaser, over

(II)the issue price of such debt instrument, increased by the portion of original issue discount previously includible in the gross income of any holder (computed without regard to this paragraph), and

(ii)the denominator of which is the sum of the daily portions for such debt instrument for all days after the date of such purchase and ending on the stated maturity date (computed without regard to this paragraph).

(b)Exceptions

This section shall not apply to any holder—

(1)who has purchased the debt instrument at a premium, or

(2)which is a life insurance company to which section 811(b) applies.

(c)Definition and special rule

(1)Purchase defined

For purposes of this section, the term “purchase” means—

(A)any acquisition of a debt instrument, where

(B)the basis of the debt instrument is not determined in whole or in part by reference to the adjusted basis of such debt instrument in the hands of the person from whom acquired.

(2)Basis adjustment

The basis of any debt instrument in the hands of the holder thereof shall be increased by the amount included in his gross income pursuant to this section.

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

2018—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(c)(1)(F)(i), struck out “on debt instruments issued after

July 1, 1982,” after “discount” in heading. Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(c)(1)(F)(ii), struck out “issued after

July 1, 1982” before “, an amount equal to”. Subsec. (a)(2)(D), (E). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(c)(3)(A), redesignated subpar. (E) as (D) and struck out former subpar. (D). Prior to amendment, text of subpar. (D) read as follows: “Any obligation issued by a natural person before

March 2, 1984.” Subsecs. (b) to (d). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(c)(1)(B), redesignated subsecs. (c) and (d) as (b) and (c), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to ratable inclusion retained for corporate debt instruments issued before

July 2, 1982. 1997—Subsec. (a)(6)(C). Pub. L. 105–34 added cl. (iii) and concluding provisions. 1986—Subsec. (a)(6), (7). Pub. L. 99–514 added par. (6) and redesignated former par. (6) as (7).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2018 AmendmentAmendment by section 401(c)(1)(B), (F) of Pub. L. 115–141 applicable to debt instruments issued on or after July 2, 1982, see section 401(c)(1)(H) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under section 163 of this title. Amendment by section 401(c)(3)(A) of Pub. L. 115–141 applicable to obligations issued on or after Mar. 2, 1984, see section 401(c)(3)(C) of Pub. L. 115–141, set out as a note under section 163 of this title.

Effective Date

of 1997 Amendment Pub. L. 105–34, title X, § 1004(b)(1), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 911, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1997].”

Effective Date

of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to debt instruments issued after Dec. 31, 1986, in taxable years ending after such date, see section 675(b) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an

Effective Date

note under section 860A of this title.

Effective Date

Section applicable to taxable years ending after

July 18, 1984, but not applicable to any obligation issued on or before Dec. 31, 1984, which is not a capital asset in the hands of the taxpayer, and subsec. (a)(6) of this section not applicable to any purchase on or before

July 18, 1984, see section 44 of Pub. L. 98–369, as amended, set out as a note under section 1271 of this title. Change in Method of Accounting Pub. L. 105–34, title X, § 1004(b)(2), Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 911, provided that: “In the case of any taxpayer required by this section [amending this section and enacting provisions set out as a note above] to change its method of accounting for its first taxable year beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 5, 1997]— “(A) such change shall be treated as initiated by the taxpayer, “(B) such change shall be treated as made with the consent of the Secretary of the Treasury, and “(C) the net amount of the adjustments required to be taken into account by the taxpayer under section 481 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall be taken into account ratably over the 4-taxable year period beginning with such first taxable year.”

§1272 Current Inclusion in Income of Original Issue Discount

Summary

Title 26, §1272

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Amendments

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

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Citations & Metadata