Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial ProcedureRelease 119-110
§4103 Removal
Title 28 › PART VI — PARTICULAR PROCEEDINGS › CHAPTER 181 — FOREIGN JUDGMENTS › § 4103
Summary
A defendant can move a state case enforcing a foreign defamation judgment to federal court when the parties are from different U.S. states or when one party is foreign and the other is from a U.S. state; the amount at issue does not matter.
Full Legal Text
Title 28, §4103
Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
In addition to removal allowed under section 1441, any action brought in a State domestic court to enforce a foreign judgment for defamation in which—
(1)any plaintiff is a citizen of a State different from any defendant;
(2)any plaintiff is a foreign state or a citizen or subject of a foreign state and any defendant is a citizen of a State; or
(3)any plaintiff is a citizen of a State and any defendant is a foreign state or citizen or subject of a foreign state,
may be removed by any defendant to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place where such action is pending without regard to the amount in controversy between the parties.
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
28 U.S.C. § 4103
Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure
Last Updated
Sep 22, 2026
Release point: 119-110