Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial ProcedureRelease 119-73not60
§4103 Removal
Title 28 › Part VI— PARTICULAR PROCEEDINGS › Chapter 181— FOREIGN JUDGMENTS › § 4103
Summary
Beyond the normal removal rule, a state suit enforcing a foreign defamation judgment can be moved to federal court if the parties are from different U.S. states or if one party is foreign.
Full Legal Text
Title 28, §4103
Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
In addition to removal allowed under section 1441, any action brought in a State domestic court to enforce a foreign judgment for defamation in which—
(1)any plaintiff is a citizen of a State different from any defendant;
(2)any plaintiff is a foreign state or a citizen or subject of a foreign state and any defendant is a citizen of a State; or
(3)any plaintiff is a citizen of a State and any defendant is a foreign state or citizen or subject of a foreign state,
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
28 U.S.C. § 4103
Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure
Last Updated
Apr 5, 2026
Release point: 119-73not60