Title 28 — Judiciary and Judicial ProcedureRelease 119-73not60

§5933 Definitions.

Title 28 › Part III— COURT OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES › § 5933

Last updated Apr 5, 2026|Official source

Summary

Defines key words used later. It names who counts as an at-risk person, what personal details are protected, who is a data broker, who counts as a Federal judge, what a Government agency is, who is an immediate family member, what an interactive computer service means, and what “transfer” means. At-risk individual: Federal judges (including retired or recalled judges), their spouses, parents, siblings, children, people they stand in for as parents, and others living in their household. Covered information: personal details like home addresses, home or mobile phone numbers, personal email, Social Security or driver’s license numbers, bank or card information, vehicle identifiers, identification of children under 18, full birthdate, school/day-care or employer locations and schedules, and similar data; it does not include Government employment information. Data broker: a business that collects and sells or licenses personal data about people it does not deal with directly, with exceptions for news organizations, directory services, internal or related-company uses, services requested by the person, real-time health/safety alerts, consumer reporting agencies under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, financial institutions under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, HIPAA-covered entities, and activity incidental to those exceptions. Federal judge: includes justices and other U.S. judges as defined in law, bankruptcy and magistrate judges, judges confirmed to serve in territories, and judges of specified federal courts (Court of Federal Claims, Veterans Claims, Armed Forces, and Tax Court). Government agency: an Executive agency under 5 U.S.C. 105 or any judicial or legislative branch agency. Immediate family member: spouse, parent, sibling, child, someone the at-risk person stands in for as a parent, or another household member. Interactive computer service: has the meaning given in section 230 of the Communications Act. Transfer: to sell, license, trade, or exchange the covered information of an at-risk person or immediate family member for payment or other value.

Full Legal Text

Title 28, §5933

Judiciary and Judicial Procedure — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

“In this subtitle:

“(1)The term ‘at-risk individual’ means—

“(A)a Federal judge;

“(B)a senior, recalled, or retired Federal judge;

“(C)any individual who is the spouse, parent, sibling, or child of an individual described in subparagraph (A) or (B);

“(D)any individual to whom an individual described in subparagraph (A) or (B) stands in loco parentis; or

“(E)any other individual living in the household of an individual described in subparagraph (A) or (B).

“(2)The term ‘covered information’—

“(A)means—

“(i)a home address, including primary residence or secondary residences;

“(ii)a home or personal mobile telephone number;

“(iii)a personal email address;

“(iv)a social security number or driver’s license number;

“(v)a bank account or credit or debit card information;

“(vi)a license plate number or other unique identifiers of a vehicle owned, leased, or regularly used by an at-risk individual;

“(vii)the identification of children of an at-risk individual under the age of 18;

“(viii)the full date of birth;

“(ix)information regarding current or future school or day care attendance, including the name or address of the school or day care, schedules of attendance, or routes taken to or from the school or day care by an at-risk individual; or

“(x)information regarding the employment location of an at-risk individual, including the name or address of the employer, employment schedules, or routes taken to or from the employer by an at-risk individual; and

“(B)does not include information regarding employment with a Government agency.

“(3)“(A)The term ‘data broker’ means an entity that collects and sells or licenses to third parties the personal information of an individual with whom the entity does not have a direct relationship..

“(B)The term ‘data broker’ does not include a commercial entity engaged in the following activities:

“(i)Engaging in reporting, news-gathering, speaking, or other activities intended to inform the public on matters of public interest or public concern.

“(ii)Providing 411 directory assistance or directory information services, including name, address, and telephone number, on behalf of or as a function of a telecommunications carrier.

“(iii)Using personal information internally, providing access to businesses under common ownership or affiliated by corporate control, or selling or providing data for a transaction or service requested by or concerning the individual whose personal information is being transferred.

“(iv)Providing publicly available information via real-time or near-real-time alert services for health or safety purposes.

“(v)A consumer reporting agency subject to the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681 et seq.).

“(vi)A financial institution subject to the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (Public Law 106–102) [see Short Title of 1999 Amendment note set out under section 1811 of Title 12, Banks and Banking] and regulations implementing that title.

“(vii)A covered entity for purposes of the privacy regulations promulgated under section 264(c) of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (42 U.S.C. 1320d–2 note).

“(viii)The collection and sale or licensing of covered information incidental to conducting the activities described in clauses (i) through (vii).

“(4)The term ‘Federal judge’ means—

“(A)a justice of the United States or a judge of the United States, as those terms are defined in section 451 of title 28, United States Code;

“(B)a bankruptcy judge appointed under section 152 of title 28, United States Code;

“(C)a United States magistrate judge appointed under section 631 of title 28, United States Code;

“(D)a judge confirmed by the United States Senate and empowered by statute in any commonwealth, territory, or possession to perform the duties of a Federal judge;

“(E)a judge of the United States Court of Federal Claims appointed under section 171 of title 28, United States Code;

“(F)a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims appointed under section 7253 of title 38, United States Code;

“(G)a judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces appointed under section 942 of title 10, United States Code;

“(H)a judge of the United States Tax Court appointed under section 7443 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 7443]; and

“(I)a special trial judge of the United States Tax Court appointed under section 7443A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [26 U.S.C. 7443A].

“(5)The term ‘Government agency’ includes—

“(A)an Executive agency, as defined in section 105 of title 5, United States Code; and

“(B)any agency in the judicial branch or legislative branch.

“(6)The term ‘immediate family member’ means—

“(A)any individual who is the spouse, parent, sibling, or child of an at-risk individual;

“(B)any individual to whom an at-risk individual stands in loco parentis; or

“(C)any other individual living in the household of an at-risk individual.

“(7)The term ‘interactive computer service’ has the meaning given the term in section 230 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 230).

“(8)The term ‘transfer’ means to sell, license, trade, or exchange for consideration the covered information of an at-risk individual or immediate family member.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

28 U.S.C. § 5933

Title 28 — Judiciary and Judicial Procedure

Last Updated

Apr 5, 2026

Release point: 119-73not60