Title 30 — Mineral Lands and MiningRelease 119-73not60

§1277 Special Bituminous Coal Mines

Title 30 › Chapter 25— SURFACE MINING CONTROL AND RECLAMATION › Subchapter V— CONTROL OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF SURFACE COAL MINING › § 1277

Last updated Apr 5, 2026|Official source

Summary

The agency that makes mine rules can write special rules for certain bituminous coal surface mines located west of the 100th meridian west longitude. Those mines must meet seven conditions, including: digging at the same small site for a long time; following a coal seam that slopes 15 degrees or more and widening the pit downward for stability; mining more than one seam and having started the deepest seam; removing a lot of material compared to the ground disturbed; having no practical alternative way to mine or to reclaim the land; and having produced coal since January 1, 1972 so the operation is locked into its current method. The special rules must also cover new mines developed after August 3, 1977 next to those older mines. These new mines must meet the above tests except for the multi-seam and 1972-production rules. The rules can only change how spoils are handled, how holes that collect water are filled, how impoundments are made, and how the land is regraded to near its original shape, and they must require any remaining highwalls to be stable. All other performance standards still apply, and if a State changes its program, the Secretary must issue any extra federal rules needed.

Full Legal Text

Title 30, §1277

Mineral Lands and Mining — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)The regulatory authority is authorized to issue separate regulations for those special bituminous coal surface mines located west of the 100th meridian west longitude which meet the following criteria:

(1)the excavation of the specific mine pit takes place on the same relatively limited site for an extended period of time;

(2)the excavation of the specific mine pit follows a coal seam having an inclination of fifteen degrees or more from the horizontal, and continues in the same area proceeding downward with lateral expansion of the pit necessary to maintain stability or as necessary to accommodate the orderly expansion of the total mining operation;

(3)the excavation of the specific mine pit involves the mining of more than one coal seam and mining has been initiated on the deepest coal seam contemplated to be mined in the current operation;

(4)the amount of material removed is large in proportion to the surface area disturbed;

(5)there is no practicable alternative method of mining the coal involved;

(6)there is no practicable method to reclaim the land in the manner required by this chapter; and

(7)the specific mine pit has been actually producing coal since January 1, 1972, in such manner as to meet the criteria set forth in this section, and, because of past duration of mining, is substantially committed to a mode of operation which warrants exceptions to some provisions of this subchapter.

(b)Such separate regulations shall also contain a distinct part to cover and pertain to new bituminous coal surface mines which may be developed after August 3, 1977, on lands immediately adjacent to lands upon which are located special bituminous mines existing on January 1, 1972. Such new mines shall meet the criteria of subsection (a) except for paragraphs (3) and (7), and all requirements of State law, notwithstanding in whole or part the regulations issued pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. In the event of an amendment or revision to the State’s regulatory program, regulations, or decisions made thereunder governing such mines, the Secretary shall issue such additional regulations as necessary to meet the purposes of this chapter.

(c)Such alternative regulations may pertain only to the standards governing onsite handling of spoils, elimination of depressions capable of collecting water, creation of impoundments, and regrading to the approximate original contour and shall specify that remaining highwalls are stable. All other performance standards in this subchapter shall apply to such mines.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

30 U.S.C. § 1277

Title 30 — Mineral Lands and Mining

Last Updated

Apr 5, 2026

Release point: 119-73not60