Title 30 › CHAPTER 3A — LEASES AND PROSPECTING PERMITS › SUBCHAPTER II — COAL › § 207
Leases last 20 years and keep going as long as coal is produced each year in commercial amounts. If no commercial production happens by the tenth year, the lease ends. The Secretary sets annual rent and other lease terms. Royalties must be at least 12.5% of the coal’s value, except from July 4, 2025 through September 30, 2034 the rate is capped at 7%, and the Secretary can set a lower rate for underground-mined coal. Rent, royalty, and other terms can be changed after the first 20 years and every 10 years after that if the lease continues. The lease holder must develop mines and keep them operating, unless work stops because of strikes, weather, or accidents. The Secretary can allow a pause if the holder pays advance royalties. Those advance payments must be at least the production royalty, use a fixed reserve-to-production ratio set by the Secretary, and be based on either recent spot market prices or another Secretary-approved method and on commercial quantities. Advance-royalty years can’t total more than 20 years. Advance payments reduce future production royalties but not below zero. The Secretary can stop accepting advance payments with six months’ notice. Before any activity that could greatly disturb the land, the lease holder must submit an operation and reclamation plan for approval. If another federal agency controls the surface, that agency must agree to the plan.
Full Legal Text
Mineral Lands and Mining, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
Legislative History
Reference
Citation
30 U.S.C. § 207
Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining
Last Updated
Sep 23, 2026
Release point: 119-110