Title 30, Mineral Lands and MiningRelease 119-110
§823 Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission
Title 30 › CHAPTER 22 — MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH › SUBCHAPTER I — GENERAL › § 823
Summary
Creates a five-member federal commission to handle mine safety and health cases. The President appoints the five members with Senate approval and picks one to be Chairman. Members must be qualified and serve six-year terms. After November 9, 1977, initial terms were staggered (one 2-year, two 4-year, two 6-year). If someone leaves early, their replacement only serves the rest of that term. The President may remove a member for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or wrongdoing. The Chairman runs the commission’s day-to-day work. The commission hires staff and pays them under federal job and pay rules. Administrative law judges (ALJs) from the Arlington, Virginia office of the Department of the Interior were moved to the commission on the effective date of the 1977 Amendments, with the Chief ALJ there able to choose to transfer; ALJs in Western offices stayed with Interior or could transfer on similar terms. The commission can hire more ALJs and follows federal rules for their assignment, removal, and pay. The commission may give its powers to any group of three or more members, and two members count as a quorum for such a group. ALJs hear cases assigned to them and issue decisions. An ALJ decision becomes final for the commission 40 days after it is issued unless the commission orders a review. A person hurt by an ALJ decision may ask for discretionary review within 30 days, but review is not automatic. The commission will consider review only on specific grounds such as lack of supporting evidence, legal error, conflict with commission rules, important legal or policy questions, or serious procedural mistakes. Review must be requested clearly and supported by the record, and the commission grants review only by an affirmative vote of two Commissioners present and voting. If the commission reviews, it generally looks only at the raised issues, using the ALJ’s record, rulings, decision, petitions, and briefs. The commission can remand the case or affirm, change, or set aside the ALJ’s decision. The commission and its ALJs can subpoena witnesses, papers, or other evidence and order depositions. Witnesses get the same fees and travel pay as in U.S. courts. If someone refuses to obey a subpoena or order, a U.S. district court in the proper area can order compliance, and failure to obey the court can be punished as contempt.
Full Legal Text
Title 30, §823
Mineral Lands and Mining, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)Establishment; membership; chairman
The Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission is hereby established. The Commission shall consist of five members, appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among persons who by reason of training, education, or experience are qualified to carry out the functions of the Commission under this chapter. The President shall designate one of the members of the Commission to serve as Chairman.
(b)Terms; personnel; administrative law judges
(1)The terms of the members of the Commission shall be six years, except that—
(A)members of the Commission first taking office after November 9, 1977, shall serve, as designated by the President at the time of appointment, one for a term of two years, two for a term of four years and two for a term of six years; and
(B)a vacancy caused by the death, resignation, or removal of any member prior to the expiration of the term for which he was appointed shall be filled only for the remainder of such unexpired term.
Any member of the Commission may be removed by the President for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office.
(2)The Chairman shall be responsible on behalf of the Commission for the administrative operations of the Commission. The Commission shall appoint such employees as it deems necessary to assist in the performance of the Commission’s functions and to fix their compensation in accordance with the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5, relating to classification and general pay rates. Upon the effective date of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Amendments Act of 1977, the administrative law judges assigned to the Arlington, Virginia, facility of the Office of Hearings and Appeals, United States Department of the Interior, shall be automatically transferred in grade and position to the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 559 of title 5, the incumbent Chief Administrative Law Judge of the Office of Hearings and Appeals of the Department of the Interior assigned to the Arlington, Virginia facility shall have the option, on the effective date of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Amendments Act of 1977, of transferring to the Commission as an administrative law judge, in the same grade and position as the other administrative law judges. The administrative law judges (except those presiding over Indian Probate Matters) assigned to the Western facilities of the Office of Hearings and Appeals of the Department of the Interior shall remain with that Department at their present grade and position or they shall have the right to transfer on an equivalent basis to that extended in this paragraph to the Arlington, Virginia administrative law judges in accordance with procedures established by the Director of the Office of Personnel Management. The Commission shall appoint such additional administrative law judges as it deems necessary to carry out the functions of the Commission. Assignment, removal, and compensation of administrative law judges shall be in accordance with section 3105, 3344, 5362 and 7521 of title 5.
(c)Delegation of powers
The Commission is authorized to delegate to any group of three or more members any or all of the powers of the Commission, except that two members shall constitute a quorum of any group designated pursuant to this paragraph.
(d)Proceedings before administrative law judge; administrative review
(1)An administrative law judge appointed by the Commission to hear matters under this chapter shall hear, and make a determination upon, any proceeding instituted before the Commission and any motion in connection therewith, assigned to such administrative law judge by the chief administrative law judge of the Commission or by the Commission, and shall make a decision which constitutes his final disposition of the proceedings. The decision of the administrative law judge of the Commission shall become the final decision of the Commission 40 days after its issuance unless within such period the Commission has directed that such decision shall be reviewed by the Commission in accordance with paragraph (2). An administrative law judge shall not be assigned to prepare a recommended decision under this chapter.
(2)The Commission shall prescribe rules of procedure for its review of the decisions of administrative law judges in cases under this chapter which shall meet the following standards for review:
(A)(i)Any person adversely affected or aggrieved by a decision of an administrative law judge, may file and serve a petition for discretionary review by the Commission of such decision within 30 days after the issuance of such decision. Review by the Commission shall not be a matter of right but of the sound discretion of the Commission.
(ii)Petitions for discretionary review shall be filed only upon one or more of the following grounds:
(I)A finding or conclusion of material fact is not supported by substantial evidence.
(II)A necessary legal conclusion is erroneous.
(III)The decision is contrary to law or to the duly promulgated rules or decisions of the Commission.
(IV)A substantial question of law, policy or discretion is involved.
(V)A prejudicial error of procedure was committed.
(iii)Each issue shall be separately numbered and plainly and concisely stated, and shall be supported by detailed citations to the record when assignments of error are based on the record, and by statutes, regulations, or principal authorities relied upon. Except for good cause shown, no assignment of error by any party shall rely on any question of fact or law upon which the administrative law judge had not been afforded an opportunity to pass. Review by the Commission shall be granted only by affirmative vote of two of the Commissioners present and voting. If granted, review shall be limited to the questions raised by the petition.
(B)At any time within 30 days after the issuance of a decision of an administrative law judge, the Commission may in its discretion (by affirmative vote of two of the Commissioners present and voting) order the case before it for review but only upon the ground that the decision may be contrary to law or Commission policy, or that a novel question of policy has been presented. The Commission shall state in such order the specific issue of law, Commission policy, or novel question of policy involved. If a party’s petition for discretionary review has been granted, the Commission shall not raise or consider additional issues in such review proceedings except in compliance with the requirements of this paragraph.
(C)For the purpose of review by the Commission under paragraph (A) or (B) of this subsection, the record shall include: (i) all matters constituting the record upon which the decision of the administrative law judge was based; (ii) the rulings upon proposed findings and conclusions; (iii) the decision of the administrative law judge; (iv) the petition or petitions for discretionary review, responses thereto, and the Commission’s order for review; and (v) briefs filed on review. No other material shall be considered by the Commission upon review. The Commission either may remand the case to the administrative law judge for further proceedings as it may direct or it may affirm, set aside, or modify the decision or order of the administrative law judge in conformity with the record. If the Commission determines that further evidence is necessary on an issue of fact it shall remand the case for further proceedings before the administrative law judge. (The provisions of section 557(b) of title 5 with regard to the review authority of the Commission are expressly superseded to the extent that they are inconsistent with the provisions of subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C) of this paragraph.)
(e)Witnesses and evidence; subpoenas; contempt
In connection with hearings before the Commission or its administrative law judges under this chapter, the Commission and its administrative law judges may compel the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of books, papers, or documents, or objects, and order testimony to be taken by deposition at any stage of the proceedings before them. Any person may be compelled to appear and depose and produce similar documentary or physical evidence, in the same manner as witnesses may be compelled to appear and produce evidence before the Commission and its administrative law judges. Witnesses shall be paid the same fees and mileage that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States and at depositions ordered by such courts. In case of contumacy, failure, or refusal of any person to obey a subpoena or order of the Commission or an administrative law judge, respectively, to appear, to testify, or to produce documentary or physical evidence, any district court of the United States or the United States courts of any territory or possession, within the jurisdiction of which such person is found, or resides, or transacts business, shall, upon the application of the Commission, or the administrative law judge, respectively, have jurisdiction to issue to such person an order requiring such person to appear, to testify, or to produce evidence as ordered by the Commission or the administrative law judge, respectively, and any failure to obey such order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt thereof.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Editorial Notes
References in Text
This chapter, referred to in subsecs. (a), (d), and (e), was in the original “this Act”, meaning Pub. L. 91–173, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 742, known as the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977, which is classified principally to this chapter. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see
Short Title
note set out under section 801 of this title and Tables. For the
Effective Date
of the Federal Mine Safety and Health
Amendments
Act of 1977, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), see section 307 of Pub. L. 95–164, set out as an
Effective Date
of 1977 Amendment note under section 801 of this title.
Prior Provisions
Provisions similar to this section were contained in section 729 of this title prior to its repeal by Pub. L. 95–164.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
Section effective 120 days after Nov. 9, 1977, see section 307 of Pub. L. 95–164, set out as an
Effective Date
of 1977 Amendment note under section 801 of this title.
Executive Documents
Transfer of Functions
“Director of the Office of Personnel Management” substituted for “Civil Service Commission” in subsec. (b)(2) pursuant to Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1978, § 102, 43 F.R. 36037, 92 Stat. 3783, set out under section 1101 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, which transferred all functions vested by statute in United States Civil Service Commission to Director of Office of Personnel Management (except as otherwise specified), effective Jan. 1, 1979, as provided by section 1–102 of Ex. Ord. No. 12107, Dec. 28, 1978, 44 F.R. 1055, set out under section 1101 of Title 5.
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
30 U.S.C. § 823
Title 30, Mineral Lands and Mining
Last Updated
Sep 23, 2026
Release point: 119-110