Title 31, Money and FinanceRelease 119-102
§1349 Adverse Personnel Actions
Title 31 › SUBTITLE II — THE BUDGET PROCESS › CHAPTER 13 — APPROPRIATIONS › SUBCHAPTER III — LIMITATIONS, EXCEPTIONS, AND PENALTIES › § 1349
Summary
U.S. and D.C. officials and employees who break 1341(a) or 1342 must be disciplined by their agency, which can include suspension without pay or removal from office. If someone willfully uses or allows use of a government passenger vehicle or aircraft in violation of 1344, the agency head must suspend them without pay for at least one month and, if needed, longer or remove them.
Full Legal Text
Title 31, §1349
Money and Finance, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)An officer or employee of the United States Government or of the District of Columbia government violating section 1341(a) or 1342 of this title shall be subject to appropriate administrative discipline including, when circumstances warrant, suspension from duty without pay or removal from office.
(b)An officer or employee who willfully uses or authorizes the use of a passenger motor vehicle or aircraft owned or leased by the United States Government (except for an official purpose authorized by section 1344 of this title) or otherwise violates section 1344 shall be suspended without pay by the head of the agency. The officer or employee shall be suspended for at least one month, and when circumstances warrant, for a longer period or summarily removed from office.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Historical and Revision Notes
Revised SectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large) 1349(a)31:665(i)(1)(words before semicolon related to (a), (b)).R.S. § 3679(i)(1)(words before semicolon related to (a), (b)); Mar. 3, 1905, ch. 1484, § 4(1st par.), 33 Stat. 1257; Feb. 27, 1906, ch. 510, § 3, 34 Stat. 48; restated Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 896, § 1211, 64 Stat. 768. 1349(b)31:638a(c)(2)(2d sentence).July 16, 1914, ch. 141, § 5(c)(2)(2d sentence), 38 Stat. 508; restated Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, § 16(a), 60 Stat. 810. In subsection (a), the words “In addition to any penalty or liability under other law” are omitted as surplus. The words “District of Columbia government” are added because of section 47–105 of the D.C. Code. In subsection (b), the words “of the Government” and “from duty” are omitted as unnecessary because of the restatement. The word “pay” is substituted for “compensation” for consistency. The word “agency” is substituted for “department” because of section 101 of the revised title and for consistency.
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
31 U.S.C. § 1349
Title 31, Money and Finance
Last Updated
Aug 21, 2026
Release point: 119-102