PRIA Logo™
Title 33 — Navigation and Navigable WatersRelease 119-73not60

§415 Summary Removal of Water Craft Obstructing Navigation; Liability of Owner, Lessee, or Operator

Title 33 › Chapter 9— PROTECTION OF NAVIGABLE WATERS AND OF HARBOR AND RIVER IMPROVEMENTS GENERALLY › Subchapter I— IN GENERAL › § 415

Last updated Apr 5, 2026|Official source

Summary

If a boat, raft, or other floating thing sinks, runs aground, or blocks a government canal, lock, or the listed navigable waters so that navigation is stopped, seriously hindered, or made dangerous, the Secretary of the Army or an authorized agent can immediately take control to remove or destroy it and clear the waterway. They must try to avoid unnecessary damage, and no one may stop them. They can give owners written notice to remove the obstruction. The actual cost of removal, including administrative costs, is charged to the craft and its cargo. If owners do not repay within 30 days after notice, the officer may sell any undestroyed craft or cargo and send the sale money to the U.S. Treasury. When the Secretary of the department that runs the Coast Guard orders navigation stopped or delayed because a vessel sank or grounded, the owner or operator, with approval from the Secretary of the Army, must begin removal or secure the vessel within 24 hours using the fastest method so navigation can resume. If they fail to act or finish quickly, the Secretary of the Army will remove or destroy the vessel under the same rules. The owner, lessee, or operator must pay any removal, destruction, and disposal costs not covered by sale proceeds; extra amounts recovered go into the Treasury’s general fund.

Full Legal Text

Title 33, §415

Navigation and Navigable Waters — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Under emergency, in the case of any vessel, boat, water craft, or raft, or other similar obstruction, sinking of grounding, or being unnecessarily delayed in any Government canal or lock, or in any navigable waters mentioned in section 414 of this title, in such manner as to stop, seriously interfere with, or specially endanger navigation, in the opinion of the Secretary of the Army, or any agent of the United States to whom the Secretary may delegate proper authority, the Secretary of the Army or any such agent shall have the right to take immediate possession of such boat, vessel, or other water craft, or raft, so far as to remove or to destroy it and to clear immediately the canal, lock, or navigable waters aforesaid of the obstruction thereby caused, using his best judgment to prevent any unnecessary injury; and no one shall interfere with or prevent such removal or destruction: Provided, That the officer or agent charged with the removal or destruction of an obstruction under this section may in his discretion give notice in writing to the owners of any such obstruction requiring them to remove it: And provided further, That the actual expense, including administrative expenses, of removing any such obstruction as aforesaid shall be a charge against such craft and cargo; and if the owners thereof fail or refuse to reimburse the United States for such expense within thirty days after notification, then the officer or agent aforesaid may sell the craft or cargo, or any part thereof that may not have been destroyed in removal, and the proceeds of such sale shall be covered into the Treasury of the United States.
(b)Not later than 24 hours after the Secretary of the Department in which the Coast Guard is operating issues an order to stop or delay navigation in any navigable waters of the United States because of conditions related to the sinking or grounding of a vessel, the owner or operator of the vessel, with the approval of the Secretary of the Army, shall begin removal of the vessel using the most expeditious removal method available or, if appropriate, secure the vessel pending removal to allow navigation to resume. If the owner or operator fails to begin removal or to secure the vessel pending removal or fails to complete removal on an expedited basis, the Secretary of the Army shall remove or destroy the vessel using the summary removal procedures under subsection (a).
(c)The owner, lessee, or operator of such vessel, boat, watercraft, raft, or other obstruction as described in this section shall be liable to the United States for the actual cost, including administrative costs, of removal or destruction and disposal as described which exceeds the costs recovered under subsection (a). Any amount recovered from the owner, lessee, or operator of such vessel pursuant to this subsection to recover costs in excess of the proceeds from the sale or disposition of such vessel shall be deposited in the general fund of the Treasury of the United States.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Codification Section is from part of section 20 of act Mar. 3, 1899, popularly known as the “Rivers and Harbors Appropriation Act of 1899”. Another part of that section, appropriating money necessary to execute its provisions, is classified to section 416 of this title. section 20 of act Mar. 3, 1899, also contained a repealing clause with a proviso saving pending actions and rights of actions. It was amended by act Feb. 20, 1900, ch. 23, § 3, 31 Stat. 32, and again amended by act June 13, 1902, ch. 1079, § 12, 32 Stat. 375, by adding another proviso which is classified to section 418 of this title.

Amendments

1996—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–303, § 218(b)(1), substituted “actual expense, including administrative expenses, of removing” for “expense of removing”. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–303, § 218(b)(4), added subsec. (b). Former subsec. (b) redesignated (c). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–303, § 218(b)(2), (3), redesignated subsec. (b) as (c) and substituted “actual cost, including administrative costs, of removal” for “cost of removal”. 1986—Pub. L. 99–662 designated existing provision as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Department of War designated Department of the Army and title of Secretary of War changed to Secretary of the Army by section 205(a) of act
July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, 61 Stat. 501. section 205(a) of act
July 26, 1947, was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. section 1 of act Aug. 10, 1956, enacted “Title 10, Armed Forces” which in sections 3010 to 3013 continued Department of the Army under administrative supervision of Secretary of the Army.

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see section 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of November 25, 2002, as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6. Functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army and other offices and officers of Department of the Army under section 401 of this title to extent that they relate generally to location and clearances of bridges and causeways in navigable waters of United States transferred to and vested in Secretary of Transportation by Pub. L. 89–670, § 6(g)(6)(A), Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 941, which created Department of Transportation. Pub. L. 97–449 amended section 401 of this title to reflect transfer made by section 6(g)(6)(A) of Pub. L. 89–670, and repealed section 6(g)(6)(A).

Executive Documents

Transfer of Functions

Pertaining to Air Force For transfer of certain functions insofar as they pertain to Air Force, and to extent that they were not previously transferred to Secretary of the Air Force and Department of the Air Force from Secretary of the Army and Department of the Army, see Secretary of Defense Transfer Order No. 40 [App. A(57)], July 22, 1949.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

33 U.S.C. § 415

Title 33 — Navigation and Navigable Waters

Last Updated

Apr 5, 2026

Release point: 119-73not60