Title 33 — Navigation and Navigable WatersRelease 119-73not60
§499 Regulations for Drawbridges
Title 33 › Chapter 11— BRIDGES OVER NAVIGABLE WATERS › Subchapter I— GENERAL PROVISIONS › § 499
Summary
Owners and operators of drawbridges built before August 18, 1894 or built later must open the bridge for boats when the head of the department that runs the Coast Guard makes rules saying they should. Those rules become law. If someone willfully refuses to open a draw when the rules require it, they can be charged with a crime and face a fine between $1,000 and $2,000, up to one year in jail, or both. The Secretary can make rules for scheduled openings to help reduce car traffic. Boat owners may not signal a bridge to open for equipment that is not needed for navigation or that can be lowered easily, and no one may unreasonably delay opening after the required signal. Breaking the rules can bring civil fines that grow by year: $5,000 for 2004, $10,000 for 2005, $15,000 for 2006, $20,000 for 2007, and $25,000 for 2008 and later. No civil fine can be charged until the person gets notice and a chance for a hearing. The Secretary can collect, reduce, or settle fines and unpaid fines can be collected in federal court. If a temporary change of 180 days or less to a bridge’s operating schedule is requested and approved, the Secretary will send a deviation letter and announce it to mariners and local media; the bridge owner (except railroad owners) must also publish notice in a local newspaper and tell the transportation agency and local law enforcement. If the request is denied, the Secretary must give written reasons within 10 days and let the owner try again. The Secretary must require operators to keep a log of every bridge movement, may inspect those logs, check if schedule changes hurt traffic, and can change schedules for efficiency. Logbooks must record basic details (bridge ID, date, operator, opening and closing times, vessel counts and types, largest vessel size, vessel name/number if visible, and maintenance or malfunctions). Logs must be kept for at least 5 years and given to the Secretary on request. These log rules are exempt from sections 3501–3521 of title 44.
Full Legal Text
Title 33, §499
Navigation and Navigable Waters — Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)It shall be the duty of all persons owning, operating, and tending the drawbridges built prior to August 18, 1894, or which may thereafter be built across the navigable rivers and other waters of the United States, to open, or cause to be opened, the draws of such bridges under such rules and regulations as in the opinion of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating the public interests require to govern the opening of drawbridges for the passage of vessels and other water crafts, and such rules and regulations, when so made and published, shall have the force of law. Every such person who shall willfully fail or refuse to open, or cause to be opened, the draw of any such bridge for the passage of a boat or boats, as provided in such regulations, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than $2,000 nor less than $1,000, or by imprisonment (in the case of a natural person) for not exceeding one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment, in the discretion of the court: Provided, That the proper action to enforce the provisions of this subsection may be commenced before any magistrate judge, judge, or court of the United States, and such magistrate judge, judge, or court shall proceed in respect thereto as authorized by law in case of crimes against the United States: Provided further, That whenever, in the opinion of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, the public interests require it, he may make rules and regulations to govern the opening of drawbridges for the passage of vessels and other water crafts, and such rules and regulations, when so made and published, shall have the force of law, and any willful violation thereof shall be punished as hereinbefore provided: Provided further, That any regulations made in pursuance of this section may be enforced as provided in section 413 of this title, the provisions whereof are made applicable to the said regulations. Any rules and regulations made in pursuance of this section shall, to the extent practical and feasible, provide for regularly scheduled openings of drawbridges during seasons of the year, and during times of the day, when scheduled openings would help reduce motor vehicle traffic delays and congestion on roads and highways linked by drawbridges.
(b)No vessel owner or operator shall signal a drawbridge to open for any nonstructural vessel appurtenance which is not essential to navigation or which is easily lowered and no person shall unreasonably delay the opening of a draw after the signal required by rules or regulations under this section has been given. The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall issue rules and regulations to implement this subsection.
(c)Whoever violates any rule or regulation issued under subsection (a) or (b), shall be liable to a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for a violation occurring in 2004; $10,000 for a violation occurring in 2005; $15,000 for a violation occurring in 2006; $20,000 for a violation occurring in 2007; and $25,000 for a violation occurring in 2008 and any year thereafter. No penalty may be assessed under this subsection until the person charged is given notice and an opportunity for a hearing on the charge. The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating may assess and collect any civil penalty incurred under this subsection and, in his discretion, may remit, mitigate, or compromise any penalty until the matter is referred to the Attorney General. If a person against whom a civil penalty is assessed under this subsection fails to pay that penalty, an action may be commenced in the district court of the United States for any district in which the violation occurs for such penalty.
(d)Notwithstanding section 553 of title 5, whenever a temporary change to the operating schedule of a drawbridge, lasting 180 days or less—
(1)is approved—
(A)the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall—
(i)issue a deviation approval letter to the bridge owner; and
(ii)announce the temporary change in—
(I)the Local Notice to Mariners;
(II)a broadcast notice to mariners and through radio stations; or
(III)such other local media as the Secretary considers appropriate; and
(B)the bridge owner, except a railroad bridge owner, shall notify—
(i)the public by publishing notice of the temporary change in a newspaper of general circulation published in the place where the bridge is located;
(ii)the department, agency, or office of transportation with jurisdiction over the roadway that abuts the approaches to the bridge; and
(iii)the law enforcement organization with jurisdiction over the roadway that abuts the approaches to the bridge; or
(2)is denied, the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating shall—
(A)not later than 10 days after the date of receipt of the request, provide the bridge owner in writing the reasons for the denial, including any supporting data and evidence used to make the determination; and
(B)provide the bridge owner a reasonable opportunity to address each reason for the denial and resubmit the request.
(e)The Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating—
(1)shall require a drawbridge operator to record each movement of the drawbridge in a logbook;
(2)may inspect the logbook to ensure drawbridge movement is in accordance with the posted operating schedule;
(3)shall review whether deviations from the posted operating schedule are impairing vehicular and pedestrian traffic; and
(4)may determine if the operating schedule should be adjusted for efficiency of maritime or vehicular and pedestrian traffic.
(f)(1)An operator of a drawbridge built across a navigable river or other water of the United States—
(A)that opens the draw of such bridge for the passage of a vessel, shall record in a logbook—
(i)the bridge identification and date of each opening;
(ii)the bridge tender or operator for each opening;
(iii)each time it is opened for navigation;
(iv)each time it is closed for navigation;
(v)the number and direction of vessels passing through during each opening;
(vi)the types of vessels passing through during each opening;
(vii)an estimated or known size (height, length, and beam) of the largest vessel passing through during each opening;
(viii)for each vessel, the vessel name and registration number if easily observable; and
(ix)all maintenance openings, malfunctions, or other comments; and
(B)that remains open to navigation but closes to allow for trains to cross, shall record in a logbook—
(i)the bridge identification and date of each opening and closing;
(ii)the bridge tender or operator;
(iii)each time it is opened to navigation;
(iv)each time it is closed to navigation; and
(v)all maintenance openings, closings, malfunctions, or other comments.
(2)A drawbridge operator shall maintain logbooks required under paragraph (1) for not less than 5 years.
(3)At the request of the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, a drawbridge operator shall submit to the Secretary the logbook required under paragraph (1) as the Secretary considers necessary to carry out this section.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Editorial Notes
Codification The last proviso of subsec. (a) of this section was from a part of section 6 of act June 13, 1902, which reads as follows: “Any
Regulations
heretofore or hereafter prescribed by the Secretary of War in pursuance of the fourth and fifth sections of the river and harbor Act of August eighteenth, eighteen hundred and ninety-four [this section and section 1 of this title], and any
Regulations
hereafter prescribed in pursuance of the aforesaid section four as amended by section eleven of this Act [section 1 of this title], may be enforced as provided in section seventeen of the river and harbor Act of March third, eighteen hundred and ninety-nine [section 413 of this title], the provisions whereof are hereby made applicable to the said
Regulations
.” The last paragraph of section 1 of this title is also from a part of section 6 of act June 13, 1902. Except for the last proviso of subsec. (a), this section was from act Aug. 18, 1894.
Amendments
2018—Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 115–282 added subsecs. (d) to (f). 2016—Pub. L. 114–120 substituted “Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating” for “Secretary of Transportation” wherever appearing. 2004—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–293 substituted “$5,000 for a violation occurring in 2004; $10,000 for a violation occurring in 2005; $15,000 for a violation occurring in 2006; $20,000 for a violation occurring in 2007; and $25,000 for a violation occurring in 2008 and any year thereafter” for “$1,000”. 1988—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–448 inserted at end “Any
Rules and Regulations
made in pursuance of this section shall, to the extent practical and feasible, provide for regularly scheduled openings of drawbridges during seasons of the year, and during times of the day, when scheduled openings would help reduce motor vehicle traffic delays and congestion on roads and highways linked by drawbridges.” 1983—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–449 substituted “Secretary of Transportation” for “Secretary of War” wherever appearing. See
Transfer of Functions
note below. 1982—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–322, § 108(a)(1)–(4), designated existing provisions as subsec. (a); struck out from second sentence after “boats,” the clause “or who shall unreasonably delay the opening of said draw after reasonable signal shall have been given,”; substituted in first proviso “subsection” for “section”; and in second proviso provided for punishment of “willful” violation of
Rules and Regulations
. Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 97–322, § 108(a)(5), added subsecs. (b) and (c).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Change of Name
“Magistrate judge” substituted in text for “magistrate” pursuant to section 321 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 631 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure. Previously, “magistrate” substituted for “commissioner” pursuant to Pub. L. 90–578. See chapter 43 (§ 631 et seq.) of Title 28.
Transfer of Functions
section 6(g)(2) of Pub. L. 89–670 transferred functions, powers, and duties of Secretary of the Army [formerly War] and other officers and offices of Department of the Army [formerly War] relating to drawbridge operating
Regulations
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
33 U.S.C. § 499
Title 33 — Navigation and Navigable Waters
Last Updated
Apr 5, 2026
Release point: 119-73not60