Title 42, The Public Health and WelfareRelease 119-110

§19052 Research Ethics

Title 42 › CHAPTER 163 — RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, COMPETITION, AND INNOVATION › SUBCHAPTER III — NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR THE FUTURE › Part E — Fundamental Research › § 19052

Last updated Sep 22, 2026|Official source

Summary

The Director must change proposal rules within 24 months after August 9, 2022 so applicants include ethical, social, safety, and security issues in funding requests when they apply. The Director will review those issues, consider peer reviewers’ input, and use them when deciding awards. Applicants should either describe any predictable risks to society (including ways the work could enable harmful products) or say no such risks are apparent; explain steps and a plan to reduce risks; and say how partners can reduce harm and increase benefits. The Director must get input from stakeholders to define what counts as a "readily foreseeable or quantifiable" risk and try to align this with existing human‑subjects ethics rules. The Director will fund competitive grants to colleges and nonprofits to study impacts and to develop and test ways to prevent foreseeable harms. Awardees should be encouraged to update these risk and benefit discussions in their required annual reports.

Full Legal Text

Title 42, §19052

The Public Health and Welfare, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Sense of Congress

It is the sense of Congress that—

(1)a number of emerging areas of research have potential ethical, social, safety, and security implications that might be apparent as early as the basic research stage;

(2)the incorporation of ethical, social, safety, and security considerations into the research design and review process for Federal awards, may help mitigate potential harms before they happen;

(3)the Foundation’s agreement with the National Academies to conduct a study and make recommendations with respect to governance of research in emerging technologies is a positive step toward accomplishing this goal; and

(4)the Foundation should continue to work with stakeholders to promote best practices for governance of research in emerging technologies at every stage of research.

(b)Incorporation of ethics considerations

Drawing on stakeholder input, not later than 24 months after August 9, 2022, the Director shall revise proposal instructions to require that ethical and societal considerations are to be included as part of a proposal for funding prior to making the award, where such considerations are applicable. Such considerations shall be evaluated by the Director in the review of proposals, taking into account any relevant input from the peer-reviewers for the proposal, and shall factor into award decisions, as deemed necessary by the Director. When incorporating such considerations, proposers may include, as appropriate—

(1)(A)any readily foreseeable or quantifiable risks to society, including how the research could enable products, technologies, or other outcomes that could intentionally or unintentionally cause significant societal harm; or

(B)an assertion that no readily foreseeable potential ethical, social, safety, or security implications are apparent;

(2)how technical or social solutions can mitigate such risks and, as appropriate, a plan to implement such mitigation measures; and

(3)how partnerships and collaborations in the research can help mitigate potential harm and amplify potential societal benefits.

(c)Guidance

The Director shall solicit stakeholder input to develop clear guidance on what constitutes a readily foreseeable or quantifiable risk as described in subsection (b)(1), and to the extent practicable harmonize this policy with existing ethical policies or related requirements for human subjects.

(d)Research

The Director shall make awards, on a competitive basis, to institutions of higher education or non-profit organizations (or consortia of such institutions or organizations) to support—

(1)research to assess the potential ethical and societal implications of Foundation-supported research and products or technologies enabled by such research, including the benefits and risks identified pursuant to subsection (b)(1); and

(2)the development and verification of approaches to proactively mitigate foreseeable risks to society, including the technical and social solutions identified pursuant to subsection (b)(1).

(e)Annual report

The Director shall encourage recipients to update their consideration of potential risks and benefits as appropriate as part of the annual reports required by all awardees under the award terms and conditions.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

42 U.S.C. § 19052

Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare

Last Updated

Sep 22, 2026

Release point: 119-110