Title 48, Territories and Insular PossessionsRelease 119-110

§2161 Applicability of Other Laws; Definitions

Title 48 › CHAPTER 20 — PUERTO RICO OVERSIGHT, MANAGEMENT, AND ECONOMIC STABILITY › SUBCHAPTER III — ADJUSTMENTS OF DEBTS › § 2161

Last updated Sep 23, 2026|Official source

Summary

Many parts of the federal bankruptcy law (Title 11) apply to cases under this subchapter. Section 930 of Title 11 also applies, but it does not apply during the first 120 days after the case starts. Words used in those Title 11 sections keep the same meanings they have there, unless this subchapter gives a different meaning. When those Title 11 sections refer to phrases like "this title" or "this chapter," read them as referring to this subchapter instead. When deciding if different claims are “substantially similar,” the Oversight Board must look at whether the claims are secured and whether they have priority. If a Title 11 rule only works when the debtor is allowed to run a business, it also works here when the business is allowed to operate. Definitions used here: Affiliate — also includes territorial instrumentalities and the territory that governs them. Debtor — the territory or covered territorial instrumentality that filed the case. Holder of a claim or interest — excludes certain issuers or territorial instrumentalities and entities they control (but beneficiaries can still be included), and for insured bonds it means the monoline insurer when the insurer has voting rights. Insured Bond — a bond that has a financial guarantee from a monoline insurer. Property of the estate — means the debtor’s property. State — means State or territory when talking about a State’s relation to a municipality or territorial instrumentality. Trustee — generally means the Oversight Board, not the U.S. Trustee.

Full Legal Text

Title 48, §2161

Territories and Insular Possessions, Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Sections applicable to cases under this subchapter
section 101 (except as otherwise provided in this section), 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 112, 333, 344, 347(b), 349, 350(b), 351, 361, 362, 364(c), 364(d), 364(e), 364(f), 365, 366, 501, 502, 503, 504, 506, 507(a)(2), 509, 510, 524(a)(1), 524(a)(2), 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549(a), 549(c), 549(d), 550, 551, 552, 553, 555, 556, 557, 559, 560, 561, 562, 902 (except as otherwise provided in this section), 922, 923, 924, 925, 926, 927, 928, 942, 944, 945, 946, 1102, 1103, 1109, 1111(b), 1122, 1123(a)(1), 1123(a)(2), 1123(a)(3), 1123(a)(4), 1123(a)(5), 1123(b), 1123(d), 1124, 1125, 1126(a), 1126(b), 1126(c), 1126(e), 1126(f), 1126(g), 1127(d), 1128, 1129(a)(2), 1129(a)(3), 1129(a)(6), 1129(a)(8), 1129(a)(10), 1129(b)(1), 1129(b)(2)(A), 1129(b)(2)(B), 1142(b), 1143, 1144, 1145, and 1146(a) of title 11 apply in a case under this subchapter and section 930 of title 11 applies in a case under this subchapter; however, section 930 shall not apply in any case during the first 120 days after the date on which such case is commenced under this subchapter.
(b)Meanings of terms
A term used in a section of title 11, made applicable in a case under this subchapter by subsection (a), has the meaning given to the term for the purpose of the applicable section, unless the term is otherwise defined in this subchapter.
(c)Definitions
In this subchapter:
(1)Affiliate
The term “affiliate” means, in addition to the definition made applicable in a case under this subchapter by subsection (a)—
(A)for a territory, any territorial instrumentality; and
(B)for a territorial instrumentality, the governing territory and any of the other territorial instrumentalities of the territory.
(2)Debtor (3) Holder of a claim or interest
The term “debtor” means the territory or covered territorial instrumentality concerning which a case under this subchapter has been commenced.
(4)Insured Bond
The term “Insured Bond” means a bond subject to a financial guarantee or similar insurance contract, policy and/or surety issued by a monoline insurer.
(5)Property of the estate
The term “property of the estate”, when used in a section of title 11 made applicable in a case under this subchapter by subsection (a), means property of the debtor.
(6)State
The term “State” when used in a section of title 11 made applicable in a case under this subchapter by subsection (a) means State or territory when used in reference to the relationship of a State to the municipality of the State or the territorial instrumentality of a territory, as applicable.
(7)Trustee
The term “trustee”, when used in a section of title 11 made applicable in a case under this subchapter by subsection (a), means the Oversight Board, except as provided in section 926 of title 11. The term “trustee” as described in this paragraph does not mean the U.S. Trustee, an official of the United States Trustee Program, which is a component of the United States Department of Justice.
(d)Reference to subchapter
Solely for purposes of this subchapter, a reference to “this title”, “this chapter”, or words of similar import in a section of title 11 made applicable in a case under this subchapter by subsection (a) or to “this title”, “title 11”, “Chapter 9”, “Chapter 11”, “the Code”, or words of similar import in the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure made applicable in a case under this subchapter shall be deemed to be a reference to this subchapter.
(e)Substantially similar
In determining whether claims are “substantially similar” for the purpose of section 1122 of title 11, made applicable in a case under this subchapter by subsection (a), the Oversight Board shall consider whether such claims are secured and whether such claims have priority over other claims.
(f)Operative clauses
A section made applicable in a case under this subchapter by subsection (a) that is operative if the business of the debtor is authorized to be operated is operative in a case under this subchapter.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

48 U.S.C. § 2161

Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions

Last Updated

Sep 23, 2026

Release point: 119-110