Title 7, AgricultureRelease 119-110
§1637b Mandatory Reporting for Dairy Products
Title 7 › CHAPTER 38 — DISTRIBUTION AND MARKETING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS › SUBCHAPTER III — DAIRY PRODUCT MANDATORY REPORTING › § 1637b
Summary
Requires a mandatory reporting program for dairy products. Manufacturers must tell the Secretary of Agriculture about prices, amounts sold, and moisture content, but only for the package sizes and at the reporting frequency used to set minimum prices for Class III or Class IV milk under Federal milk marketing orders. The Secretary will update the reporting format that was used on November 21, 2000 so it is easier to read. Manufacturers and others who store dairy products must also report how much they have, on a schedule the Secretary sets. Companies that process and sell less than 1,000,000 pounds a year may be exempt. No fees can be charged for reporting or for getting the reports. Reporters must keep contracts, receipts, and related records for 2 years and provide them if asked. The Secretary will write rules, protect the identity and business details in the data, and may only release information for enforcement when the Secretary or the Attorney General allows it; the data cannot be disclosed under section 552 of title 5. The Secretary must check submissions for accuracy and do quarterly audits. It is illegal to willfully fail, refuse, or delay truthful reporting. After notice and a hearing, the Secretary can issue a cease-and-desist order. That order is final unless appealed in U.S. district court within 30 days. Courts can enforce orders and may impose up to $10,000 per offense. Funds are authorized as needed and the Secretary must set up an electronic reporting system and publish a weekly report by 3:00 p.m. Eastern Time each Wednesday for the prior week.
Full Legal Text
Title 7, §1637b
Agriculture, Source: USLM XML via OLRC
(a)Establishment
The Secretary shall establish a program of mandatory dairy product information reporting that will—
(1)provide timely, accurate, and reliable market information;
(2)facilitate more informed marketing decisions; and
(3)promote competition in the dairy product manufacturing industry.
(b)Requirements
(1)In general
In establishing the program, the Secretary shall only—
(A)(i)subject to the conditions described in paragraph (2), require each manufacturer to report to the Secretary information concerning the price, quantity, and moisture content of dairy products sold by the manufacturer; and
(ii)modify the format used to provide the information on the day before November 22, 2000, to ensure that the information can be readily understood by market participants; and
(B)require each manufacturer and other person storing dairy products to report to the Secretary, at a periodic interval determined by the Secretary, information on the quantity of dairy products stored.
(2)Conditions
The conditions referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i) are that—
(A)the information referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i) is required only with respect to those package sizes actually used to establish minimum prices for Class III or Class IV milk under a Federal milk marketing order;
(B)the information referred to in paragraph (1)(A)(i) is required only to the extent that the information is actually used to establish minimum prices for Class III or Class IV milk under a Federal milk marketing order;
(C)the frequency of the required reporting under paragraph (1)(A)(i) does not exceed the frequency used to establish minimum prices for Class III or Class IV milk under a Federal milk marketing order; and
(D)the Secretary may exempt from all reporting requirements any manufacturer that processes and markets less than 1,000,000 pounds of dairy products per year.
(c)Administration
(1)In general
The Secretary shall promulgate such regulations as are necessary to ensure compliance with, and otherwise carry out, this subchapter.
(2)Confidentiality
(A)In general
Except as otherwise directed by the Secretary or the Attorney General for enforcement purposes, no officer, employee, or agent of the United States shall make available to the public information, statistics, or documents obtained from or submitted by any person under this subchapter other than in a manner that ensures that confidentiality is preserved regarding the identity of persons, including parties to a contract, and proprietary business information.
(B)Relation to other requirements
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no facts or information obtained under this subchapter shall be disclosed in accordance with section 552 of title 5.
(3)Verification
(A)In general
The Secretary shall take such actions as the Secretary considers necessary to verify the accuracy of the information submitted or reported under this subchapter.
(B)Quarterly audits
The Secretary shall quarterly conduct an audit of information submitted or reported under this subchapter and compare such information with other related dairy market statistics.
(4)Enforcement
(A)Unlawful act
It shall be unlawful and a violation of this subchapter for any person subject to this subchapter to willfully fail or refuse to provide, or delay the timely reporting of, accurate information to the Secretary in accordance with this subchapter.
(B)Order
After providing notice and an opportunity for a hearing to affected persons, the Secretary may issue an order against any person to cease and desist from continuing any violation of this subchapter.
(C)Appeal
(i)In general
The order of the Secretary under subparagraph (B) shall be final and conclusive unless an affected person files an appeal of the order of the Secretary in United States district court not later than 30 days after the date of the issuance of the order.
(ii)Findings
A finding of the Secretary under this paragraph shall be set aside only if the finding is found to be unsupported by substantial evidence.
(D)Noncompliance with order
(i)In general
If a person subject to this subchapter fails to obey an order issued under this paragraph after the order has become final and unappealable, or after the appropriate United States district court has entered a final judgment in favor of the Secretary, the United States may apply to the appropriate United States district court for enforcement of the order.
(ii)Enforcement
If the court determines that the order was lawfully made and duly served and that the person violated the order, the court shall enforce the order.
(iii)Civil penalty
If the court finds that the person violated the order, the person shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $10,000 for each offense.
(5)Fees
The Secretary shall not charge or assess a user fee, transaction fee, service charge, assessment, reimbursement fee, or any other fee under this subchapter for— (A)
(B)the receipt or availability of, or access to, published reports or information; or
(C)any other activity required under this subchapter.
(6)Recordkeeping
Each person required to report information to the Secretary under this subchapter shall maintain, and make available to the Secretary, on request, original contracts, agreements, receipts, and other records associated with the sale or storage of any dairy products during the 2-year period beginning on the date of the creation of the records.
(d)Electronic reporting
(1)Electronic reporting system required
The Secretary shall establish an electronic reporting system to carry out this section.
(2)Publication
Not later than 3:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the Wednesday of each week, the Secretary shall publish a report containing the information obtained under this section for the preceding week.
(e)Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this section.
Legislative History
Notes & Related Subsidiaries
Editorial Notes
Codification Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical
Amendments
to this section. The
Amendments
by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
Amendments
2010—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 111–239 amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “(1) In general.—Subject to the availability of funds under paragraph (3), the Secretary shall establish an electronic reporting system to carry out this section. “(2) Frequency of reports.—After the establishment of the electronic reporting system in accordance with paragraph (1), the Secretary shall increase the frequency of the reports required under this section. “(3) Authorization of appropriations.—There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary to carry out this subsection.” 2008—Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 110–246, § 1510(b), added par. (3) and struck out former par. (3). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Secretary shall take such actions as the Secretary considers necessary to verify the accuracy of the information submitted or reported under this subchapter.” Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 110–246, § 1510(a), added subsec. (d) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (e).
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
of 2008 AmendmentAmendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an
Effective Date
note under section 8701 of this title. Implementation of Electronic Reporting System Pub. L. 111–239, § 3(b), Sept. 27, 2010, 124 Stat. 2502, provided that: “Not later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act [Sept. 27, 2010], the Secretary of Agriculture shall implement the electronic reporting system required by subsection (d) of section 273 of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1637b), as amended by subsection (a). Until the electronic reporting system is implemented, the Secretary shall continue to conduct mandatory dairy product information reporting under the authority of such section, as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of this Act.”
Reference
Citations & Metadata
Citation
7 U.S.C. § 1637b
Title 7, Agriculture
Last Updated
Sep 22, 2026
Release point: 119-110