US Slaps Back with Matching Tariffs on Unfair Imports
Published Date: 4/7/2025
Presidential Document
Summary
The U.S. is fighting back against unfair trade by setting new tariffs that match what other countries charge us. This move targets countries that keep our trade deficits huge and hurt American jobs and businesses. Starting soon, imports from these countries will cost more, helping balance trade and protect the U.S. economy.
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Analyzed Economic Effects
8 provisions identified: 1 benefits, 3 costs, 4 mixed.
Blanket 10% Tariff on Imports
The order imposes an additional ad valorem duty of 10 percent on all articles imported into the United States, effective for goods entered for consumption or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 5, 2025. This 10 percent duty is in addition to any other duties, fees, taxes, or charges unless an exception applies.
Country-Specific Higher Tariffs
Starting at 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 9, 2025, imports from trading partners listed in Annex I will be subject to the country-specific additional ad valorem rates of duty set forth in Annex I. These country-specific rates are in addition to the baseline additional 10 percent duty and remain until the President determines the underlying conditions are resolved.
Canada and Mexico Duty Rules
Under this order, goods of Canada or Mexico that do not qualify as originating under the USMCA are presently subject to additional ad valorem duties of 25 percent, while energy or energy resources and potash from Canada not qualifying as originating under USMCA are subject to a 10 percent additional duty. If certain prior border emergency duty orders are terminated or suspended, non-originating articles from Canada and Mexico would instead be subject to a 12 percent additional ad valorem duty, while USMCA-originating items would not be subject to additional duty.
Product Exemptions (Annex II)
The order exempts certain goods listed in Annex II from the additional duties, including (among others) copper, pharmaceuticals, semiconductors, lumber articles, certain critical minerals, and energy and energy products. It also exempts articles covered by specified prior proclamations and actions on steel, aluminum, and certain automobile duties.
Duty Applies Only to Non‑U.S. Content
The additional ad valorem rates of duty apply only to the non-U.S. content of a subject article, provided at least 20 percent of the value of the subject article is U.S. originating. U.S. Customs and Border Protection is authorized to collect documentation to verify U.S. content value.
De Minimis and In-Transit Treatment
Duty-free de minimis treatment under 19 U.S.C. 1321(a)(2)(A)-(B) remains available for articles described in the order, but certain de minimis treatment under 19 U.S.C. 1321(a)(2)(C) will remain available only until the Secretary of Commerce notifies the President that systems exist to process and collect duty revenue; after such notification that de minimis treatment may end. Also, goods loaded onto a vessel and in transit before 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 5, 2025 (or April 9, 2025 for Annex I country-specific rates) are not subject to the new additional duties.
China Duties Also Apply to HK and Macau
To reduce transshipment and evasion, all ad valorem rates of duty imposed by this order with respect to articles of China shall apply equally to articles of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macau Special Administrative Region. The order also leaves intact a separate Executive Order addressing low-value imports from China.
Foreign Trade Zone Admission Rule
Subject articles admitted into a foreign trade zone on or after 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on April 9, 2025 must be admitted as 'privileged foreign status' as defined in 19 CFR 146.41, meaning the order affects how goods in FTZs are classified for duty purposes after that date.
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