Title 10Armed ForcesRelease 119-73

§3841 Examination of records of contractor

Title 10 › Subtitle Subtitle A— - General Military Law › Part PART V— - ACQUISITION › Subpart Subpart D— - General Contracting Provisions › Chapter CHAPTER 279— - CONTRACTOR AUDITS AND ACCOUNTING › § 3841

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Agency heads and their authorized representatives may inspect a contractor’s plant and audit its records for certain kinds of contracts: cost‑reimbursement, incentive, time‑and‑materials, labor‑hour, price‑redeterminable, or any mix of those. That authority also covers subcontractors on those contracts. Records means books, documents, accounting practices, and other data in any form (paper, computer files, etc.). The agency may look at records tied to a proposal, discussions about the proposal, contract pricing, or contract performance to check cost or pricing data. The Defense Contract Audit Agency director may issue subpoenas for records the Secretary of Defense can audit; those subpoenas can be enforced by a federal district court and cannot be passed down to someone else. The Comptroller General can examine records and interview employees for contracts awarded other than by sealed bid, unless a foreign contract is exempt for public‑interest or legal reasons (in some cases no approval is needed). Contractors cannot be forced to make records they do not normally keep. An agency may accept another federal agency’s indirect‑cost audit done within one year instead of doing a new one. Audit and review rights end three years after final payment. Contracts for utility service at public rates and contracts at or below the simplified acquisition threshold are excluded. Contractors may keep or provide electronic images instead of originals if they protect the records, index them for access, and keep originals at least one year after imaging.

Full Legal Text

Title 10, §3841

Armed Forces — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)In this section, the term “records” includes books, documents, accounting procedures and practices, and other data, regardless of type and regardless of whether such items are in written form, in the form of computer data, or in any other form.
(b)(1)The head of an agency, acting through an authorized representative, is authorized to inspect the plant and audit the records of—
(A)a contractor performing a cost-reimbursement, incentive, time-and-materials, labor-hour, or price-redeterminable contract, or any combination of such contracts, made by that agency under a chapter 137 legacy provision; and
(B)a subcontractor performing any cost-reimbursement, incentive, time-and-materials, labor-hour, or price-redeterminable subcontract or any combination of such subcontracts under a contract referred to in subparagraph (A).
(2)The head of an agency, acting through an authorized representative, is authorized, for the purpose of evaluating the accuracy, completeness, and currency of certified cost or pricing data required to be submitted pursuant to chapter 271 of this title with respect to a contract or subcontract, to examine all records of the contractor or subcontractor related to—
(A)the proposal for the contract or subcontract;
(B)the discussions conducted on the proposal;
(C)pricing of the contract or subcontract; or
(D)performance of the contract or subcontract.
(c)(1)The Director of the Defense Contract Audit Agency (or any successor agency) may require by subpoena the production of any records of a contractor that the Secretary of Defense is authorized to audit or examine under subsection (b).
(2)Any such subpoena, in the case of contumacy or refusal to obey, shall be enforceable by order of an appropriate United States district court.
(3)The authority provided by paragraph (1) may not be redelegated.
(d)(1)Except as provided in paragraph (2), each contract awarded after using procedures other than sealed bid procedures shall provide that the Comptroller General and his representatives are authorized to examine any records of the contractor, or any of its subcontractors, that directly pertain to, and involve transactions relating to, the contract or subcontract and to interview any current employee regarding such transactions.
(2)Paragraph (1) does not apply to a contract or subcontract with a foreign contractor or foreign subcontractor if the head of the agency concerned determines, with the concurrence of the Comptroller General or his designee, that the application of that paragraph to the contract or subcontract would not be in the public interest. However, the concurrence of the Comptroller General or his designee is not required—
(A)where the contractor or subcontractor is a foreign government or agency thereof or is precluded by the laws of the country involved from making its records available for examination; and
(B)where the head of the agency determines, after taking into account the price and availability of the property and services from United States sources, that the public interest would be best served by not applying paragraph (1).
(3)Paragraph (1) may not be construed to require a contractor or subcontractor to create or maintain any record that the contractor or subcontractor does not maintain in the ordinary course of business or pursuant to another provision of law.
(e)The head of an agency may not perform an audit of indirect costs under a contract, subcontract, or modification before or after entering into the contract, subcontract, or modification in any case in which the contracting officer determines that the objectives of the audit can reasonably be met by accepting the results of an audit that was conducted by any other department or agency of the Federal Government within one year preceding the date of the contracting officer’s determination.
(f)The authority of the head of an agency under subsection (b), and the authority of the Comptroller General under subsection (d), with respect to a contract or subcontract shall expire three years after final payment under such contract or subcontract.
(g)This section does not apply to the following contracts:
(1)Contracts for utility services at rates not exceeding those established to apply uniformly to the public, plus any applicable reasonable connection charge.
(2)A contract or subcontract that is for an amount not greater than the simplified acquisition threshold.
(h)Nothing in this section shall be construed to preclude a contractor from duplicating or storing original records in electronic form.
(i)The head of an agency shall not require a contractor or subcontractor to provide original records in an audit carried out pursuant to this section if the contractor or subcontractor provides photographic or electronic images of the original records and meets the following requirements:
(1)The contractor or subcontractor has established procedures to ensure that the imaging process preserves the integrity, reliability, and security of the original records.
(2)The contractor or subcontractor maintains an effective indexing system to permit timely and convenient access to the imaged records.
(3)The contractor or subcontractor retains the original records for a minimum of one year after imaging to permit periodic validation of the imaging systems.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Editorial Notes

Codification The text of subsecs. (a), (e), (g), (h), and (i) of section 2313 of this title, which were transferred to this section, redesignated as subsecs. (b), (f), (h), (i), and (j), respectively, and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1)–(3), (6), was based on Pub. L. 103–355, title II, § 2201(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3316, which amended section 2313 generally. The text of subsec. (b) of section 2313 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (c), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1), (4), was based on Pub. L. 103–355, title II, § 2201(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3316; Pub. L. 104–106, div. A, title XV, § 1502(a)(1), Feb. 10, 1996, 110 Stat. 502; Pub. L. 106–65, div. A, title X, § 1032(a)(2), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 751. The text of subsec. (c) of section 2313 of this title, which was transferred to this section, redesignated as subsec. (d), and amended by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1), (5), was based on Pub. L. 103–355, title II, § 2201(a)(1), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3317; Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title VIII, § 871(b), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4555. The text of subsec. (d) of section 2313 of this title, which was transferred to this section and redesignated as subsec. (e) by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1), was based on Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title VIII, § 808(a), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2607, which amended subsec. (d) generally. The text of subsec. (f) of section 2313 of this title, which was transferred to this section and redesignated as subsec. (e) by Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1), was based on Pub. L. 103–355, title II, § 2201(a)(1), title IV, § 4102(c), Oct. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 3317, 3340.

Prior Provisions

A prior section 3841, added Pub. L. 85–861, § 1(94), Sept. 2, 1958, 72 Stat. 1483, related to separation or transfer to retired reserve of reserve nurses and medical specialists at age 50 if in a reserve grade below major, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 86–559, § 1(22), June 30, 1960, 74 Stat. 271.

Amendments

2021—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(2), redesignated subsec. (i) of section 2313 of this title as subsec. (a) of this section. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1), (3), redesignated subsec. (a) of section 2313 of this title as subsec. (b) of this section, realigned margins of pars. (1) and (2), and substituted “made by that agency under a chapter 137 legacy provision” for “made by that agency under this chapter” in par. (1)(A) and “chapter 271” for “section 2306a” in par. (2). Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1), (4), redesignated subsec. (b) of section 2313 of this title as subsec. (c) of this section, inserted heading and substituted “subsection (b)” for “subsection (a)” in par. (1), and inserted headings and realigned margins of pars. (2) and (3). Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1), (5), redesignated subsec. (c) of section 2313 of this title as subsec. (d) of this section and inserted headings and realigned margins of pars. (1) to (3). Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1), redesignated subsec. (d) of section 2313 of this title as subsec. (e) of this section. Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1), (6), redesignated subsec. (e) of section 2313 of this title as subsec. (f) of this section and substituted “subsection (b)” for “subsection (a)” and “subsection (d)” for “subsection (c)”. Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1835(b)(1), redesignated subsecs. (f) to (h) of section 2313 of this title as subsecs. (g) to (i), respectively, of this section.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Section and amendment by Pub. L. 116–283 effective Jan. 1, 2022, with additional provisions for delayed implementation and applicability of existing law, see section 1801(d) of Pub. L. 116–283, set out as an

Effective Date

of 2021 Amendment note preceding section 3001 of this title. Exception From Records Examination RequirementRequirements under subsecs. (b)(2)(A)–(C) and (c) of this section (former subsecs. (a)(2)(A)–(C) and (b) of section 2313 of this title) not applicable to certain contracts valued at less than $7,500,000 awarded to small business or nontraditional defense contractors, with certain exceptions, see section 873(b) of Pub. L. 114–92, set out in a Pilot Program for Streamlining Awards for Innovative Technology Projects note under section 3702 of this title. Department of Defense Access to, Use of, and Safeguards and Protections for Contractor Internal Audit Reports Pub. L. 112–239, div. A, title VIII, § 832, Jan. 2, 2013, 126 Stat. 1844, provided that: “(a) Revised Guidance Required.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Jan. 2, 2013], the Director of the Defense Contract Audit Agency shall revise guidance on access to defense contractor internal audit reports (including the Contract Audit Manual) to incorporate the requirements of this section. “(b) Documentation Requirements.—The revised guidance shall ensure that requests for access to defense contractor internal audit reports are appropriately documented. The required documentation shall include, at a minimum, the following:“(1) Written determination that access to such reports is necessary to complete required evaluations of contractor business systems. “(2) A copy of any request from the Defense Contract Audit Agency to a contractor for access to such reports. “(3) A record of response received from the contractor, including the contractor’s rationale or justification if access to requested reports was not granted. “(b) [sic] Safeguards and Protections.—The revised guidance shall include appropriate safeguards and protections to ensure that contractor internal audit reports cannot be used by the Defense Contract Audit Agency for any purpose other than evaluating and testing the efficacy of contractor internal controls and the reliability of associated contractor business systems. “(c) Risk-based Auditing.—A determination by the Defense Contract Audit Agency that a contractor has a sound system of internal controls shall provide the basis for increased reliance on contractor business systems or a reduced level of testing with regard to specific audits, as appropriate. Internal audit reports provided by a contractor pursuant to this section may be considered in determining whether or not a contractor has a sound system of internal controls, but shall not be the sole basis for such a determination. “(d) Comptroller General Review.—Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall initiate a review of the documentation required by subsection (a). Not later than 90 days after completion of the review, the Comptroller General shall submit to the congressional defense committees [Committees on Armed Services and Appropriations of the Senate and the House of Representatives] a report on the results of the review, with findings and recommendations for improving the audit processes of the Defense Contract Audit Agency.”

Executive Documents

Exemption of FunctionsFunctions with respect to purchases authorized to be made outside limits of United States or District of Columbia under Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, as exempt, see Ex. Ord. No. 11223, May 12, 1965, 30 F.R. 6635, set out as a note under section 2393 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. Foreign ContractorsSecretaries of Defense, Army, Navy, or Air Force, or their designees, to determine, prior to exercising authority provided in amendment of this section by Pub. L. 89–607 to exempt certain contracts with foreign contractors from requirement of an examination-of-records clause, that all reasonable efforts have been made to include such examination-of-records clause, as required by par. (11) of Part I of Ex. Ord. No. 10789, and that alternate sources of supply are not reasonably available, see par. (11) of Part I of Ex. Ord. No. 10789, Nov. 14, 1958, 23 F.R. 8897, as amended, set out as a note under section 1431 of Title 50, War and National Defense.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

10 U.S.C. § 3841

Title 10Armed Forces

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73