Title 11BankruptcyRelease 119-73

§103 Applicability of chapters

Title 11 › Chapter CHAPTER 1— - GENERAL PROVISIONS › § 103

Last updated Apr 6, 2026|Official source

Summary

Says which parts of the bankruptcy code apply to each kind of bankruptcy case. Except as provided in section 1161, chapters 1, 3, and 5 apply to cases under chapters 7, 11, 12, and 13. For chapter 15 cases, this chapter and sections 307, 362(o), 555–557, and 559–562 apply. Certain subchapters are limited to specific situations. Subchapters I and II of chapter 7 only apply in chapter 7 cases. Subchapter III applies only when the case involves a stockbroker. Subchapter IV applies only when the case involves a commodity broker. Subchapter V applies only for liquidation of an uninsured State member bank or a corporation under section 25A of the Federal Reserve Act that operates as a multilateral clearing organization under section 409 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991. Chapters 1 and 9 apply only in chapter 9 cases except as provided in section 901. Subchapters I–III of chapter 11 apply only in chapter 11 cases except as provided in section 901; subchapter IV is only for railroads; subchapter V applies only if the debtor elects it under section 1182. Chapters 12 and 13 apply only in their own chapters. Chapter 15 applies only in chapter 15 cases, except sections 1505, 1513, and 1514 apply in all bankruptcy cases, and section 1509 applies even if no bankruptcy case is pending.

Full Legal Text

Title 11, §103

Bankruptcy — Source: USLM XML via OLRC

(a)Except as provided in section 1161 of this title, chapters 1, 3, and 5 of this title apply in a case under chapter 7, 11, 12, or 13 of this title, and this chapter, section 307, 362(o), 555 through 557, and 559 through 562 apply in a case under chapter 15.
(b)Subchapters I and II of chapter 7 of this title apply only in a case under such chapter.
(c)Subchapter III of chapter 7 of this title applies only in a case under such chapter concerning a stockbroker.
(d)Subchapter IV of chapter 7 of this title applies only in a case under such chapter concerning a commodity broker.
(e)Subchapter V of chapter 7 of this title shall apply only in a case under such chapter concerning the liquidation of an uninsured State member bank, or a corporation organized under section 25A of the Federal Reserve Act, which operates, or operates as, a multilateral clearing organization pursuant to section 409 11 See References in Text note below. of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991.
(f)Except as provided in section 901 of this title, only chapters 1 and 9 of this title apply in a case under such chapter 9.
(g)Except as provided in section 901 of this title, subchapters I, II, and III of chapter 11 of this title apply only in a case under such chapter.
(h)Subchapter IV of chapter 11 of this title applies only in a case under such chapter concerning a railroad.
(i)Subchapter V of chapter 11 of this title applies only in a case under chapter 11 in which a debtor (as defined in section 1182) elects that subchapter V of chapter 11 shall apply.
(j)Chapter 13 of this title applies only in a case under such chapter.
(k)Chapter 12 of this title applies only in a case under such chapter.
(l)Chapter 15 applies only in a case under such chapter, except that—
(1)section 1505, 1513, and 1514 apply in all cases under this title; and
(2)section 1509 applies whether or not a case under this title is pending.

Legislative History

Notes & Related Subsidiaries

Historical and Revision Notes

senate report no. 95–989

section 103 prescribes which chapters of the proposed bankruptcy code apply in various cases. All cases, other than cases ancillary to foreign proceedings, are filed under chapter 7, 9, 11, or 13, the operative chapters of the proposed bankruptcy code. The general provisions that apply no matter which chapter a case is filed under are found in chapters 1, 3, and 5. Subsection (a) makes this explicit, with an exception for chapter 9. The other provisions, which are self-explanatory, provide the special rules for Stockbroker Liquidations, Commodity Broker Liquidations, Municipal Debt Adjustments, and Railroad Reorganizations.

Editorial Notes

References in Text

section 25A of the Federal Reserve Act, referred to in subsec. (e), popularly known as the Edge Act, is classified to subchapter II (§ 611 et seq.) of chapter 6 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see

Short Title

note set out under section 611 of Title 12 and Tables. section 409 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act of 1991, referred to in subsec. (e), was classified to section 4422 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 111–203, title VII, § 740, July 21, 2010, 124 Stat. 1729.

Amendments

2020—Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 116–136 substituted “debtor (as defined in section 1182)” for “small business debtor”. 2019—Subsecs. (i) to (l). Pub. L. 116–54 added subsec. (i) and redesignated former subsecs. (i) to (k) as (j) to (l), respectively. 2010—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–327 substituted “362(o)” for “362(n)”. 2005—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–8, § 802(a)(1), inserted “, and this chapter, section 307, 362(n), 555 through 557, and 559 through 562 apply in a case under chapter 15” before period. Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 109–8, § 802(a)(2), added subsec. (k). 2000—Subsecs. (e) to (j). Pub. L. 106–554 added subsec. (e) and redesignated former subsecs. (e) to (i) as (f) to (j), respectively. 1986—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–554, § 252(1), inserted reference to chapter 12. Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 99–554, § 252(2), added subsec. (i). 1984—Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–353 substituted “stockbroker” for “stockholder”. 1982—Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–222 struck out “except with respect to section 746(c) which applies to margin payments made by any debtor to a commodity broker or forward contract merchant” after “concerning a commodity broker”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

of 2019 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 116–54 effective 180 days after Aug. 23, 2019, see section 5 of Pub. L. 116–54, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date

of 2005 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 109–8 effective 180 days after Apr. 20, 2005, and not applicable with respect to cases commenced under this title before such

Effective Date

, except as otherwise provided, see section 1501 of Pub. L. 109–8, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Effective Date

of 1986 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 99–554 effective 30 days after Oct. 27, 1986, but not applicable to cases commenced under this title before that date, see section 302(a), (c)(1) of Pub. L. 99–554, set out as a note under section 581 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.

Effective Date

of 1984 AmendmentAmendment by Pub. L. 98–353 effective with respect to cases filed 90 days after July 10, 1984, see section 552(a) of Pub. L. 98–353, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

Reference

Citations & Metadata

Citation

11 U.S.C. § 103

Title 11Bankruptcy

Last Updated

Apr 6, 2026

Release point: 119-73